Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
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\nThe walleye gill net catch in 2012 was 15.4 fish/net, slightly less than the 2011 catch but still above the long-term average for Lake Vermilion. Walleye gill net catches had been below average from 2008 to 2010, due to poor reproduction in 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009. Improved walleye catches in 2011 and 2012 were due primarily to strong year classes produced in 2007 and 2010. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.9 inches, the largest average size ever observed on Lake Vermilion. The large average size was due primarily to high numbers of older fish in the gill net catch from strong year classes produced in 2002, 2003, and 2007. The gill net catch of walleye less than 15 inches long was slightly below average, reflecting poor reproduction in 2008 and 2009. The walleye gill net catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2010 year class) and age 5 fish (2007 year class), which composed 27% and 18% of the catch; respectively. Strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, and 2010. One year of netting indicates the 2011 year class will also be stronger than average. Weak to fair year classes were produced in 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009. The special walleye regulation on Lake Vermilion was modified in 2012 to an 18-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four-fish bag limit. The previous regulation was a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four-fish bag limit. The regulation was modified to allow anglers to harvest some larger fish, while keeping harvest at a safe level.
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\nThe gill net catch of northern pike was 0.7 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. Northern pike are more abundant in some of the shallow bays, however those areas are not sampled during annual assessments. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 29.6 inches, well above the historic average. It was the fourth consecutive year pike lengths were above average, reflecting an improved size structure in recent years. The sample size of northern pike in the gill nets was too small (14 fish) for meaningful age and growth analysis. Northern pike reproduction has historically been relatively consistent from year to year without exceptionally weak or strong year classes. A special regulation for northern pike has been in effect since 2003: a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
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\nThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 23.2 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Perch gill net catches have been below average since 2007, due to poor reproduction and survival from 2003 to 2009. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.3 inches, which is near the historic average. The gill net catch of perch over 9 inches long was well below average. Perch sampled on East Vermilion were considerably larger than those sampled on West Vermilion, which is consistent with past sampling. The perch catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2010 year class), which composed 59.0% of the catch. The catch of age 2 perch was much higher than average, suggesting 2010 will be a strong year class. The catch of age 1 perch (2011 year class) was also higher than average, while catches of other age classes were all below average. Prior to 2010, the last strong year class of perch was produced in 2002.
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\nThe black crappie trap net catch was 1.0 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 6.6 inches, well below the historic average. The small average size was due to an unusually high catch of small fish. The trap net catch of crappie over 10 inches long was about average. The crappie catch was dominated by age 1 fish (2011 year class), which composed 48.3% of the catch. It was the highest catch of age 1 crappie since 2006, suggesting 2011 will be strong year class. Other strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2005 and 2006, while weak year classes were produced in 2007, 2008, and 2009.
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\nThe trap net catch of bluegill was 19.1 fish/net, well below the historic average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.7 inches, slightly below the historic average. Bluegill trap net catches have been dominated by smaller fish for several years, with relative low numbers of large fish. The bluegill trap net catch was dominated by age 6 fish (2006 year class), which composed 37.7% of the catch. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2005, 2006, and 2010, while weak year classes were produced in 2004, 2007, and 2008.
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\nMuskellunge population assessments are done every four to six years on Lake Vermilion. Due to the large size of the lake, East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years. A muskie assessment was done on East Vermilion in 2011 and an assessment was done on West Vermilion in 2012. The East Vermilion muskie catch in 2011 was 2.8 fish/net, while the West Vermilion catch in 2012 was 1.1 fish/net. Muskie trap net catches have been gradually increasing since they were introduced as more year classes recruit to the spawning stock. To date, muskie trap net catches have been higher on East Vermilion, while the average size has been larger on West Vermilion. The mean length of trapnetted muskie was 44.9 inches on East Vermilion and 46.2 inches on West Vermilion. About 14% of the muskie sampled on East Vermilion were over 50 inches long, while 30% of the muskie sampled on West Vermilion were over 50 inches long. The largest muskie sampled was 55.6 inches long.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2012 was 36.5 fish/hour, which is near the historic average. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 11.1 inches, well above the historic average. The large average size was due to good numbers of 12-18 inch bass in the catch. The smallmouth bass catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2010 year class) and age 5 fish (2007 year class), with each year class composing 19.2% of the catch. Strong year classes were produced in 2005 and 2006, while weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009. One year of sampling indicates the 2010 year class will likely be stronger than average.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye in 2012 was 216.3 fish/hour, well above the historic average. It was the second consecutive year of high walleye electrofishing catches. The walleye catch was much higher on East Vermilion than West Vermilion. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.9 inches, well above the historic average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2012 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2012 year class will likely be stronger than average on East Vermilion and near average on West Vermilion.
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\nThere are several invasive species known to be present in Lake Vermilion. Rusty crayfish are very abundant in East Vermilion and are expanding into West Vermilion. Curly-leaf pondweed is now present in Everett's Bay and Stuntz Bay in East Vermilion. Chinese mystery snails were discovered in 2011 in Spring Bay at the far west end of the lake. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis, a microsporidean fish parasite, has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion, mostly from the west end of the lake. Anglers and boaters should always take preventative measures to avoid moving invasive species to other lakes. For more information on invasive species and other DNR programs, go to the DNR website at mndnr.gov.
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2025 Angling Prospects
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\nLake Vermilion is an exceptional multispecies fishery that is a destination for anglers to experience tremendous catch and harvest opportunities. Results from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources' (DNR) fall survey in 2024 indicated walleye numbers may be down slightly in 2025 from recent years. Anglers may also notice differences in catch and harvest rates between the east and west basins. Above average numbers of fish were found in West Vermilion with notable numbers under 17 inches resulting from recent moderate to strong year-classes produced in that basin. Slightly below average numbers were found in East Vermilion, partially the result of a weak 2022 year-class. However, a moderate number of those fish were in the preferred harvest range of 13 to 20 inches. A decent number of smaller fish in the system will likely grow into the size range anglers prefer.
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\nAnglers will also have opportunities to catch other species in Lake Vermilion. Anglers targeting muskellunge (muskies) will find opportunities for quality fish with trophy potential. Muskies measuring 45 inches or larger make up a substantial proportion of the population, and a significant number of fish over 50 inches are also present. Anglers targeting smallmouth bass will find good numbers throughout the lake, with West Vermilion holding higher numbers of fish and East Vermilion providing a larger average size. Largemouth bass can be found in very low numbers overall, but certain areas of West Vermilion provide the best angling opportunities. Although northern pike abundance is generally low overall, they do provide catch and harvest opportunities with the possibility for a trophy fish over 40 inches. Yellow perch numbers were down in the 2024 survey, but plenty of fish over 10 inches in the population will present harvest opportunities in 2025. Black crappie numbers are moderate compared to other lakes in the area with more fish found in West Vermilion. The crappies sampled in recent spring surveys were large, averaging close to 10 inches, with fish over 14 inches in the population. Vermilion produces moderate numbers and size for bluegills. Higher numbers can be found in West Vermilion, but fish over 9 inches can be found throughout the lake. Finally, whitefish and ciscoes (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities that primarily occur during the fall sport gill-netting season while also serving as important prey for the predator species in the lake.
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\nA special regulation exists for walleyes where all fish from 20 to 26 inches must be immediately released, and the possession limit is four walleyes with only one fish over 26 inches allowed. Anglers are also reminded that since 2019, northern pike have been managed under the Northeast Zone regulations requiring immediate release of all angled fish between 30 and 40 inches with only one over 40 inches allowed in a two fish possession limit. Separate regulations exist for dark house spearing which allows spearers to have two pike in possession but only one may be over 26 inches. All other fish species are managed under current statewide fishing regulations.
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\nFisheries Management
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\nLake Vermilion is composed of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows). Each basin is slightly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the Minnesota DNR Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, fish contaminant and disease inspections, water quality monitoring, zooplankton surveys, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have occurred for Lake Vermilion using a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. Fisheries assessments are standardized to ensure the same sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to accurately track population trends over time. Length, weight, age, and other scientific data are collected for fish of management concern.
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\nThe current Lake Vermilion Fisheries Management Plan summarizes goals, objectives, and activities to help guide fisheries management. Since 1971, DNR has annually operated a walleye spawn take and hatchery each spring, excluding 2020 due to COVID. The hatchery is located near the mouth of the Pike River, which is a major tributary to Lake Vermilion. A proportion of the walleye fry produced annually at the Pike River Hatchery are put back into Lake Vermilion as outlined in the current management plan. The walleye fry stocked into Lake Vermilion are replaced at a higher rate than would be hatched naturally from the eggs taken during spawn take operations. In 2024, 9.1 million walleye fry were stocked into Lake Vermilion. In the previous 10 years, outside of 2020, between 5.0 and 10.0 million walleye fry have been stocked annually in Vermilion. Because the walleye population in Lake Vermilion is primarily driven by natural reproduction, reduced walleye fry stocking rates over the last 25 plus years have not resulted in a decline in abundance, rather abundance has increased due to various factors.
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\nA muskellunge stocking program began in 1987 with the goal of establishing a low-density, high-quality muskie fishery in Lake Vermilion. The current management plan calls for a base stocking quota of 3,000 Leech Lake strain fingerlings annually with up to 2,000 surplus fingerlings per two-year period, as available. In 2024, the base stocking quota of 3,000 fingerlings was achieved along with 17 surplus fingerlings for a total of 3,017 muskie fingerlings stocked. All muskie fingerlings stocked into Lake Vermilion since 2017 (total = 24,652 fish) have been implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to learn more about the population and further evaluate management strategies. Recently, PIT tagged fish are showing up in fisheries assessments and being reported by anglers who have PIT tag readers. Additionally, natural reproduction has been documented.
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\nWalleye
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\nMost anglers come to Lake Vermilion to fish for walleyes, and walleyes account for the most fish caught and harvested of any species on an annual basis. In 2024, the DNR's fall gill-net survey produced a slightly below average lakewide walleye catch rate which was a decline from higher catches observed during the previous four years. The lower catch rate was the result of recent weaker year-classes produced in 2020 and 2022. When looking at the individual basins, the 2024 West Vermilion catch rate was above average. This continues a trend of five consecutive years of high catches in West Vermilion largely resulting from an exceptionally strong 2018 year-class and a strong 2021 year-class. Low numbers of fish showing up from the 2022 year-class in East Vermilion are partially to blame for the slightly below average walleye catch rate in that basin in 2024.
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\nOverall, fair numbers of fish can be found from 13 to 20 inches lakewide, which is generally the size range anglers prefer to harvest. Additionally, above average numbers of smaller fish from 11 to 13 inches were present in the population last fall. These fish will grow throughout the 2025 fishing season and provide catch and harvest opportunities. Moderate numbers of fish 20 inches and larger will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake.
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\nRecently, walleye recruitment in Lake Vermilion has been on a boom-and-bust cycle with weak year-classes occurring in 2017 and 2020 followed by strong year-classes the following years in 2018 and 2021. This is fairly normal for walleye populations driven primarily by natural reproduction. Early estimates indicate this trend may not hold in the near-term with moderate year-classes produced in 2022 and 2023. Fortunately, back-to-back weak year-classes have not occurred since 2008 and 2009.
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\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes, which are not well represented in the gill-net survey. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate and the average length of YOY walleyes help predict future year-class strength. In 2024, high catches of larger than normal YOY walleyes create the potential for a strong year-class to be produced.
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\nMuskellunge
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\nMuskies provide an important catch-and-release sport fishery on Lake Vermilion with the potential for trophy fish. Muskies are second only to walleyes in terms of popularity for Lake Vermilion anglers. The muskie population was established via a stocking program that began in the late 1980s with the goal of providing a low-density, high-quality fishery. During the most recent targeted assessment conducted in 2019, muskies averaged just under 45 inches with over 40% of fish measuring 45 inches or larger. Additionally, about 11% of the fish sampled were 50 inches or larger. Assessment options are being planned for obtaining adult population estimates along with evaluating recent stocking strategies and natural reproduction.
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\nSmallmouth Bass
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\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and the population provides an important fishery. They are typically the third most sought-after species by Lake Vermilion anglers behind walleyes and muskies. Release rates are very high and minimal harvest occurs. Overall, smallmouth bass abundance in Lake Vermilion has trended upward over the last three decades. Abundance and size structure differ by basin, as West Vermilion holds higher numbers of fish that are much smaller on average when compared to East Vermilion. Anglers can find fish over 19 inches in the population.
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\nLargemouth Bass
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\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery and are primarily found in West Vermilion. Few anglers come to Lake Vermilion to specifically target largemouth bass, but the population provides some angling opportunities. They are primarily a catch-and-release species with very high release rates. Largemouth bass are not abundant and are limited to specific areas of preferred habitat in the lake. However, DNR electrofishing, gill net, and creel data suggests a stable to increasing population, primarily in West Vermilion.
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\nNorthern Pike
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\nNorthern pike are found in relatively low numbers in Lake Vermilion with higher catches in West Vermilion. The 2024 gill-net survey produced a moderate catch rate for Lake Vermilion, but overall, a declining trend has been observed lakewide over the past three decades. Simultaneously, the size structure has shifted towards larger fish due in part to protected slot limit regulations that have been in place since 2003. In 2024, sampled pike length ranged from 20 to almost 38 inches suggesting anglers and spearers can find fish with a solid average size and trophy potential.
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\nYellow Perch
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\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide anglers catch and harvest opportunities. In 2024, survey results indicated perch abundance was down from the previous 6 years and overall lower than what is typically observed in Lake Vermilion. However, periodic fluctuations in perch numbers are normal for most systems. The average size of sampled fish was fairly large with notable numbers over 10 inches, potentially providing anglers catch and harvest opportunities in 2025. East Vermilion holds much larger fish on average, but lower numbers compared to West Vermilion.
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\nBlack Crappie
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\nBlack crappies are generally a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery that can provide good fishing opportunities especially in the spring. Typically, few anglers specifically target them, but anglers tend to keep what they catch. Recent spring surveys suggest decent numbers are found in Vermilion compared to other area lakes, but overall abundance is fairly low compared to elsewhere in the state. However, the sampled crappies ran large, averaging close to 10 inches, with fish over 14 inches in the population. Both basins can produce large fish, but higher overall numbers can be found in West Vermilion.
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\nBluegill
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\nBluegills can provide catch and harvest opportunities for anglers fishing Lake Vermilion. Typically, very few anglers come to Lake Vermilion seeking bluegills, but they tend to be one of the most caught and harvested species in terms of total numbers. Recent spring surveys suggest moderate numbers and size for bluegills found in Vermilion compared to other area lakes. Both basins can produce fish over 9 inches, but West Vermilion holds much higher numbers of fish overall.
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\nAquatic Invasive Species
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\nAquatic invasive species are non-native animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's aquatic invasive species laws to prevent introduction and minimize the spread of invasive species. Several invasive species are present at varying levels in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, spiny waterflea, and Heterosporis sutherlandae (an invasive parasite that affects the muscle tissue of infected fish).
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\nRusty crayfish, native to the Ohio River basin, are invasive crustaceans that were first captured in fisheries survey gear in Lake Vermilion in 1986. The population rapidly increased and they became abundant in a significant portion of East Vermilion by 1993. Overall, catches of rusty crayfish in the annual gill-net survey display a relatively stable trend since the early 1990s, with considerable annual fluctuations. Rusty crayfish continue to be substantially more abundant in East Vermilion, particularly Big Bay, but the population has continued to expand in West Vermilion. They have significantly reduced aquatic plant beds in certain areas and have displaced native crayfish.
Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
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\nThe walleye gill net catch in 2008 was 12.9 fish/net, slightly below the historical average and the lowest walleye catch on Lake Vermilion in several years. The relatively low walleye catch was due primarily to poor reproduction in 2004 and 2005. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 13.3 inches, slightly above the historical average. The gill net catch of 12-15 inch walleye was well below average for those size classes, reflecting poor reproduction in 2004 and 2005. The catch of small walleye was above average, indicating the presence of strong younger year classes in the population. The gill net catch of walleye over 17 inches was also above average, especially on West Vermilion. These larger walleye are from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The walleye gill net catch was dominated by age 1 fish (2007 year class) and age 2 fish (2006 year class), which comprised 20.9% and 35.5% of the catch, respectively. Both the 2006 and 2007 year classes appear to be moderately strong. Strong year classes of walleye were also produced in 2002 and 2003, while poor year classes were produced in 2004 and 2005. A special walleye regulation went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2006; a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four fish bag limit. A more restrictive regulation was adopted because of increased fishing pressure and walleye harvest. The regulation will help keep harvest at a safe level while allowing anglers to keep eating sized walleye.
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\nThe gill net catch of northern pike was 0.8 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 26.7 inches, slightly above the historical average, although the sample size was only 15 fish. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although it appears a relatively poor year class was produced in 2003. A special regulation for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2003; a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
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\nThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 13.9 fish/net, the lowest perch catch since large lake sampling began in 1984. The low perch catch was due primarily to poor reproduction in 2004. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.8 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size reflects low numbers of small perch in the gill net catch. The perch catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 36.6% of the catch. Strong year classes of perch were produced in 2001 and 2002, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
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\nThe trap net catch of bluegill was 44.5 fish/net, well above the historical average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.8 inches, well below the historical average. The small average size was due to high numbers of small fish in the catch from strong 2005 and 2006 year classes. The bluegill trap net catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 37.4% of the catch. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2002, 2005, and 2006, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
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\nThe black crappie trap net catch was 1.4 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 8.0 inches, slightly below the historical average. Above average numbers of small crappie were sampled from a strong year class produced in 2006. The catch of 8-9 inch crappie was also above average, reflecting the presence of a strong 2005 year class. The crappie catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 67.5% of the catch. Strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2001, 2005, and 2006, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2008 was 54.3 fish/hour, well above the historical average and the second consecutive year of unusually high bass catches. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 9.9 inches, slightly above the historical average. High numbers of 12-13 inch bass were sampled from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The bass catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2006 year class) and age 3 fish (2005 year class), which together comprised 56.5% of the total catch. It appears both the 2005 and 2006 year classes will be much stronger than average. Moderately strong year classes of smallmouth bass were also produced in 2001, 2002, and 2003, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye was 130.3 fish/hour, slightly above the historical average. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 4.9 inches, slightly below the historical average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2008 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2008 year class will be slightly weaker than average.
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\nMuskie population assessments have been done once every four years on Lake Vermilion, although future assessments will be done once every six years. East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years due to the large size of the lake. Trap net catches of muskie have been gradually increasing since the first assessments were done in 1993 and 1994. The number of large fish has also been increasing. Over 15% of the muskie sampled in 2005 and 2006 were over 50 inches long. The largest muskie sampled during the 2005-2006 assessments was 54.7 inches long. The next muskie assessments are scheduled for 2010 and 2011.
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The walleye population in Lake Vermilion remains at a relatively high level. The 1989 walleye gill- net catch of 13.5 fish/lift is slightly above the long term average from Lake Vermilion and is well above the state and local medians. The average length of gillnetted walleye was 13.2 higher than the historical average. The northern pike gillnet catch in 1989 was 1.4 fish/lift, slightly higher than recent years. Historically, the northern pike population in lake vermilion has consisted of relatively low numbers of relatively large fish. The gillnet catch of norther cisco has rebounded somewhat from relatively low catches in 1987 and 1988. The gillnet catch is now close to the historical average for Lake Vermilion and well above state and local medians. Yellow perch remain very abundant in Lake Vermilion. The catch is slightly above the long term average and is well above state and local medians. Bullheads numbers are apparently increasing in lake vermilion. Anglers reported catching many more bullheads in 1989 than in any previous year. The apparent increase is not reflected in the gillnet catch of although the trapnet catch has been increasing since 1987.
","headerInfo":{"id_date":"1989-09-14","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109553","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""},"surveyDate":"1989-09-14","fishCatchSummaries":[{"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.10","totalWeight":0.1,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","CPUE":"0.03","species":"GSF","totalCatch":1},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","totalWeight":2.2,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.15","totalCatch":15,"species":"HSF","CPUE":"0.50"},{"totalCatch":1097,"species":"BLG","CPUE":"36.57","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","averageWeight":"0.17","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":186},{"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.13","totalWeight":52.6,"quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"13.43","totalCatch":403,"species":"YEP"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.32","totalWeight":5.1,"species":"LMB","totalCatch":16,"CPUE":"0.53"},{"totalCatch":36,"species":"RKB","CPUE":"1.20","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","averageWeight":"0.28","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":10},{"CPUE":"1.87","species":"BRB","totalCatch":56,"averageWeight":"0.59","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":33.2,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.7","quartileCount":"1.2"},{"totalCatch":14,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"0.47","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"2.53","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":35.4},{"CPUE":"1.40","species":"BLC","totalCatch":42,"averageWeight":"0.38","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":15.8,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6"},{"totalWeight":12,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"2.00","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.20","totalCatch":6,"species":"WTS"},{"totalWeight":43.6,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.99","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.47","species":"WAE","totalCatch":44},{"quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.13","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":28.3,"totalCatch":222,"species":"PMK","CPUE":"7.40"},{"quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.10","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":0.1,"totalCatch":1,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.03"}]},{"narrative":"The 1994 walleye gill net catch was the lowest since since the Large Lake Sampling program began in 1984. It was the second consectutive year of relatively low walleye catches. Although the walleye catch was low for Lake Vermilion, it was still well within the normal range for all Class 2 lakes. The decline in the walleye catch was due primarily to the lack of strong younger year classes. The last strong year class was produced in 1988 and the influence of that year class is now declining. The walleye catch was dominated by the 1991 year class, which is slightly above average, and an average 1990 year class. Catches of the 1992 and 1993 year classes were well below average and it appears these year classes will be weaker than average. Most of the walleye sampled by gill nets were 11 to 14 inches long with a mean length of 13.0 inches. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by seining and electrofishing was above average, indicating the 1994 year class has the potential to be stronger than average.The northern pike gill net catch was near average for Lake Vermilion and within the normal range for all Class 2 lakes. Historically, the northern pike population has been very consistent at a level near or slightly below normal for Class 2 lakes. Most of the northern pike sampled were 22 to 28 inches long with a mean length of 24.5 inches. All age classes to age age 8 were represented in the gill net catch.The yellow perch catch declined to a level near normal for Lake Vermilion, after several years of above average catches. Perch catches on Lake Vermilion are typically well above average for Class 2 lakes. Most of the sampled perch were 5 to 7 inches long with a mean length of 6.6 inches. The catch was dominated by the 1992 year class, although all age classes to age 8 were well represented.The bluegill trap net catch was near average for Lake Vermilion and continues a trend of moderate catches that started in 1990, after a period of exceptionally high catches in the late 1980's. Most of the sampled bluegill were 5.5 to 7.5 inches long with a mean length of 6.5 inches. The catch was dominated by a strong 1988 year class. The black crappie catch was below average for Lake Vermilion. It was the second consectutive year of below average crappie catches. The recent decline in the crappie population was due to poor reproduction since 1987, the last year a strong year class was produced. Most of the crappie sampled were 8 to 13 inches long with a mean length of 9.9 inches. The catch was dominated by the 1987 and 1991 year classes.Catches of other species were near their respective historical average.
","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109567","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.13","totalWeight":0.4,"species":"HSF","totalCatch":3,"CPUE":"0.10"},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":163.7,"averageWeight":"0.21","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"26.00","totalCatch":780,"species":"BLG"},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":32.9,"averageWeight":"0.15","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"7.13","species":"YEP","totalCatch":214},{"totalCatch":2,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.07","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","totalWeight":2.3,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"1.15"},{"averageWeight":"0.27","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":4.8,"quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap 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nets","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":43.4,"averageWeight":"1.06","totalCatch":41,"species":"WAE","CPUE":"1.37"},{"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.13","totalWeight":1.2,"quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.30","species":"PMK","totalCatch":9},{"CPUE":"0.07","totalCatch":2,"species":"GOS","totalWeight":0.2,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.10","quartileCount":"0.2","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"3.20","totalWeight":6.4,"totalCatch":2,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.07"}],"surveyDate":"1994-06-20","headerInfo":{"wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":"","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109567","wb_type":"Lake","county":"St. Louis","id_date":"1994-06-20"}},{"surveyDate":"2011-05-09","headerInfo":{"county":"St. 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Survey","surveyID":"3991112956058000","lengths":{"RKB":{"fishCount":[[10,1],[4,1],[5,12],[6,22],[7,15],[8,3],[9,4]],"minimum_length":4,"maximum_length":10},"TLC":{"minimum_length":7,"fishCount":[[10,9],[11,12],[12,44],[13,41],[14,20],[15,1],[7,2],[8,36],[9,24]],"maximum_length":15},"WTS":{"minimum_length":7,"fishCount":[[10,6],[11,4],[12,2],[13,4],[14,1],[15,2],[16,8],[17,10],[18,4],[19,1],[7,3],[9,1]],"maximum_length":19},"SMB":{"maximum_length":18,"minimum_length":1,"fishCount":[[10,11],[11,9],[12,13],[13,9],[14,9],[15,8],[16,4],[17,2],[18,1],[5,6],[6,3],[7,11],[8,13],[9,12],[1,37]]},"HSF":{"fishCount":[[6,2]],"minimum_length":6,"maximum_length":6},"BRB":{"maximum_length":14,"fishCount":[[10,3],[11,4],[12,5],[13,9],[14,1]],"minimum_length":10},"BLG":{"fishCount":[[3,12],[4,210],[5,565],[6,381],[7,112],[8,12]],"minimum_length":3,"maximum_length":8},"YEP":{"minimum_length":1,"fishCount":[[10,27],[11,8],[12,3],[4,3],[5,208],[6,132],[7,118],[8,95],[9,36],[1,260],[2,49]],"maximum_length":12},"BLC":{"fishCount":[[10,9],[11,8],[12,3],[4,3],[7,1],[9,5]],"minimum_length":4,"maximum_length":12},"PMK":{"minimum_length":3,"fishCount":[[3,2],[4,11],[5,6],[6,1]],"maximum_length":6},"MUE":{"maximum_length":50,"minimum_length":35,"fishCount":[[35,1],[36,2],[37,3],[38,6],[39,12],[40,9],[41,14],[42,19],[43,24],[44,20],[45,21],[46,17],[47,15],[48,9],[49,5],[50,28]]},"WAE":{"maximum_length":27,"fishCount":[[4,314],[5,229],[6,86],[7,4],[10,12],[11,19],[12,43],[13,51],[14,45],[15,44],[16,22],[17,28],[18,17],[19,21],[20,14],[21,5],[22,8],[23,6],[24,4],[25,2],[27,1],[7,1],[8,10],[9,36]],"minimum_length":4},"LMB":{"fishCount":[[1,16],[2,2],[15,1],[5,3],[6,1],[8,1],[9,1]],"minimum_length":1,"maximum_length":15},"NOP":{"maximum_length":39,"fishCount":[[13,1],[16,4],[18,1],[20,3],[21,4],[22,4],[23,2],[24,3],[25,1],[26,2],[28,1],[29,1],[31,1],[32,1],[33,1],[34,1],[36,2],[38,1],[39,1]],"minimum_length":13}},"narrative":"\tLake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n\tThe walleye gill net catch in 2011 was 17.9 fish/net, which was well above the historic average for Lake Vermilion and the highest catch since 2007. Walleye gill net catches had been below average from 2008 to 2010, due to poor reproduction in 2004, 2005, and 2008. The improved catch in 2011 was due to good reproduction in 2010 and an unusually high catch of older year classes. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.6 inches, well above the historic average. The large average size was due primarily to high numbers of older fish in the catch from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The gill net catch of 13-17 inch walleye was also above average, indicating favorable angling prospects in 2012. The walleye gill net catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2008 year class) and age 4 fish (2007 year class), which together composed 43% of the catch. Strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2002, 2003, 2006, and 2007. Weak or fair year classes were produced in 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009. One year of netting indicates the 2010 year class will likely be stronger than average, especially on East Vermilion. The special walleye regulation on Lake Vermilion was modified in 2012 to an 18-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four-fish bag limit. The previous special regulation had a protected slot of 17-26 inches. The regulation was modified to allow anglers to harvest some larger fish, while keeping harvest at a safe level. The regulation change will go into effect on May 12, 2012.
\n\tThe gill net catch of northern pike was 0.9 fish/net, which is near the historic average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 27.4 inches, well above the historic average. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, without exceptionally strong or weak year classes. Several age 1 northern pike were sampled, suggesting the 2010 year class could be stronger than average. A special regulation for northern pike has been in effect since 2003: a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n\tThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 15.2 fish/net; well below the historic average. It was the fifth consecutive year of low perch catches, which were due to a series of weak year classes from 2004 to 2008. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.3 inches, which is near the historic average. Perch sampled on East Vermilion were considerably larger than those sampled on West Vermilion. The perch catch was dominated by age 1 fish (2010 year class) and age 2 fish (2009 year class), which composed 57.4% of the catch. The catch of age 1 perch was much higher than average, suggesting 2010 will be a strong year class. Catches of other age classes were all below average. Prior to 2010, the last strong year class of perch was produced in 2002.
\n \tThe black crappie trap net catch was 0.9 fish/net; slightly below the historic average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 10.2 inches, well above the historic average. The catch of 10-12 inch crappie was well above average, indicating favorable angling prospects in 2012. The crappie catch was dominated by age 5 fish (2006 year class), which composed 59.3% of the catch. Strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2005 and 2006, while weak year classes were produced in 2004, 2007, and 2008.
\n\tThe trap net catch of bluegill was 42.5 fish/net; well above the historic average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.7 inches, slightly below the historic average. The catch of 5-6 inch bluegill was well above average, while the catch of bluegill over 7 inches was slightly below average. The bluegill trap net catch was dominated by age 5 fish (2006 year class), which composed 54.2% of the catch. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2005 and 2006, while weak year classes were produced in 2004, 2007, and 2008.
\n\tMuskellunge population assessments are done every four to six years on Lake Vermilion. Due to the large size of the lake, East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years. A muskie assessment was done on East Vermilion in 2011 and an assessment is scheduled for West Vermilion in 2012. The muskie trap net catch on East Vermilion in 2011 was 2.8 fish/net; slightly higher than the previous catch in 2005. The mean length of muskie sampled in 2011 was 44.9 inches, with 13% of the fish sampled over 50 inches long. All muskies stocked since 1993 have been fin-clipped to help differentiate stocked fish from natural reproduction. In 2011, 22.9% of the muskies sampled were fin-clipped, suggesting some natural reproduction is taking place.
\n\tAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2011 was 35.0 fish/hour, which is near the historic average. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 11.1 inches, well above the historic average. The large average size was due to an unusually high catch of 12-16 inch bass. The smallmouth bass catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2007 year class) and age 5 fish (2006 year class), which composed 52.4% of the catch. Strong year classes were produced in 2005 and 2006, while weak year classes were produced in 2004 and 2008.
\n\tAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye was 210.0 fish/hour; well above the historic average. The walleye catch was much higher on East Vermilion than West Vermilion. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.1 inches, slightly below average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2011 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2011 year class will likely be stronger than average on East Vermilion and slightly weaker than average on West Vermilion.
\n\tThere are several invasive species known to be present in Lake Vermilion. Rusty crayfish are very abundant in East Vermilion and have recently become established in West Vermilion. Curly-leaf pondweed is now present in Everett's Bay and Stuntz Bay in East Vermilion. Chinese mystery snails were discovered in 2011 in Spring Bay at the far west end of the lake. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis, a microsporidean fish parasite, has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion, mostly from the west end of the lake. Anglers and boaters should always take preventative measures to avoid moving invasive species to other lakes. For more information on invasive species and other DNR programs, go to the DNR website at mndnr.gov.
\n
The walleye gillnet catch in 1998 was 15.8 fish/net, the highest catch since the Large Lake Program began in 1984. It was the third consectutive year of above average walleye gillnet catches. High walleye catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1994 and 1995. Walleye from the 1994 year classes were mostly 14-17 inches long. Walleye from the 1995 year class were mostly 12-15 inches long. Beach seining and electrofishing indicate the 1997 and 1998 year classes should be at least average and possibly above average. The northern pike gillnet catch was 1.0 fish/net, which is also the historical average. Northern pike catches have historically been relatively stable with little annual fluctuation. Most of the northern pike sampled were 20-29 inches long, although larger fish are present. The northern pike catch was dominated by strong 1994 and 1995 year classes.The gillnet catch of yellow perch was 28.9 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Most of the perch sampled were 6-8 inches long. Perch tend to be larger in the Big Bay area of the lake, where 42% of the perch caught were 9 inches or longer. The perch catch was dominated by the 1994 and 1996 year classes. The spring trapnet catch of muskie for West Vermilion was 0.2 fish/net, slightly above the 1994 West Vermilion catch. Muskie population assessments are done in different years for East Vermilion and West Vermilion. An assessment was done on East Vermilion in 1997. Most of the muskie sampled were 38-44 inches long. The largest individual muskie caught was 49.2 inches long. All year classes from 1992-1987 were represented in the catch. Muskie were not present in Lake Vermilion until they were first stocked in 1969. An intensive stocking program using Leech Lake strain fingerlings began in 1987. Angler reports indicate the muskie population is doing well with the larger fish now exceeding 50 inches. The bluegill trapnet catch was 33.5 fish/net, slightly above the historical average and the highest catch since 1989. The bluegill catch was much higher in West Vermilion than in East Vermilion. Most of the bluegill sampled were 6-8 inches long. Strong year classes were produced 1994, 1991, 1989, and 1988. It appears the 1995 year class is exceptionally strong. The trapnet catch of black crappie was 3.4 fish/net, the highest catch since trapnet assessments began in 1987. Crappie trapnet catches had been relatively low for several years. Two distinct size classes of crappie were sampled, 0-5 inches and 9-11 inches. The crappie catch was dominated by strong 1995 and 1997 year classes. Smallmouth bass are sampled with an electrofishing boat since they are seldom caught in assessment nets. The smallmouth bass catch in 1998 was 24.8 fish/hour, which is near the historical average. Most of the bass sampled were 6-13 inches long, although larger fish are present. The smallmouth bass catch was dominated by the 1994 and 1995 year classes.
","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109571","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"species":"BRB","totalCatch":57,"CPUE":"1.90","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","averageWeight":"0.68","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":38.8},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":58,"averageWeight":"0.16","species":"YEP","totalCatch":360,"CPUE":"12.00"},{"averageWeight":"2.99","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":56.9,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","CPUE":"0.95","totalCatch":19,"species":"NOP"},{"totalCatch":5,"species":"RKB","CPUE":"0.25","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.42","totalWeight":2.1},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","totalWeight":82,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"2.34","totalCatch":35,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"1.17"},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":0.05,"averageWeight":"0.05","quartileCount":"0.2","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","species":"GOS","totalCatch":1},{"totalCatch":4,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.20","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","quartileCount":"0.2-0.6","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"1.68","totalWeight":6.7},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":10.1,"averageWeight":"0.22","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.53","totalCatch":46,"species":"RKB"},{"CPUE":"15.75","totalCatch":315,"species":"WAE","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.79","totalWeight":248.9,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3"},{"CPUE":"0.35","species":"BLG","totalCatch":7,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.20","totalWeight":1.4,"quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.69","totalWeight":209.2,"species":"TLC","totalCatch":302,"CPUE":"15.10"},{"species":"SMB","totalCatch":7,"CPUE":"0.23","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.20","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":1.4},{"CPUE":"3.00","totalCatch":60,"species":"WTS","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"1.66","totalWeight":99.3,"quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"totalWeight":1.7,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.28","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","CPUE":"0.30","totalCatch":6,"species":"BLC"},{"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.21","totalWeight":121.5,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","CPUE":"28.85","totalCatch":577,"species":"YEP"},{"CPUE":"0.05","totalCatch":1,"species":"BRB","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":0.8,"averageWeight":"0.80","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5"},{"totalCatch":38,"species":"WAE","CPUE":"1.27","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":37.4,"averageWeight":"0.98"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","totalWeight":1.7,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.10","species":"LMB","totalCatch":17,"CPUE":"0.57"},{"CPUE":"1.83","species":"PMK","totalCatch":55,"averageWeight":"0.09","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":4.9,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6"},{"CPUE":"33.47","totalCatch":1004,"species":"BLG","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":163.3,"averageWeight":"0.16","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1"},{"totalCatch":1,"species":"TLC","CPUE":"0.03","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"1.1","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":0.7,"averageWeight":"0.70"},{"totalWeight":27.6,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"3.45","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","CPUE":"0.27","species":"WTS","totalCatch":8},{"species":"BLC","totalCatch":103,"CPUE":"3.43","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","averageWeight":"0.28","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":29.3}],"surveyDate":"1998-06-22","headerInfo":{"wb_alt_name":"","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","id_date":"1998-06-22","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109571","survey_type":"Population Assessment"}},{"narrative":"The walleye gillnet catch in 2000 was 18.2 fish/net, the highest gillnet catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion. It was the fourth consectutive year of above average walleye gillnet catches. High walleye catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1994, 1995, and 1997. The 1998 year class also appears to be stronger than average. Poor year classes of walleye were produced in 1992 and 1993. Angling prospects for 2001 are very good, with high numbers of walleye present in the 12-16 inch size range. Small walleye from the 1998 year class will recruit to the fishery as the summer progresses. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleye was 85.3 fish/hour, well below the historical average for Lake Vermilion. It was the second consectutive year of below average electrofishing catches of YOY walleye. The mean length of YOY walleye sampled by electrofishing was 4.7 inches, also well below the historical average. Mean length of YOY walleye is strongly correlated to eventual year class strength on Lake Vermilion, with fast growing YOY walleye producing strong year classes and poor growing YOY walleye producing weak year classes. Based on this relationship, it is expected the 2000 year class will be weaker then average.The northern pike gillnet catch was 0.6 fish/net, slightly below the historical average for Lake Vermilion. Northern pike gillnet catches have historically been relatively low with little annual flucuation. The sample size of pike caught by gillnets was too small to make strong conclusions about the size and age structure of the population. Seven of the 12 pike sampled by gillnets were over 28 inches long, which is larger than the usual size range of pike sampled. The catch was comprised primarily of fish age 6 and older. Past netting indicated strong year classes were produced in 1991 and 1994. Angling prospects for 2001 are similar to recent years, although there may be more larger fish than usual in the population.The gillnet catch of yellow perch was 36.7 fish/net, well above the historical average. It was the highest perch catch since 1993. The mean length of gillnetted perch was 7.8 inches, well above the historical average. Strong to average year classes of perch were produced in 1998, 1997, 1996, and 1995. The perch fishery on Lake Vermilion is relatively insignificant, with most of the harvest incidental while targeting other species. There is potential for catching quality sized perch in the Big Bay area of East Vermilion, where 55% of the gillnet catch was 9 inches or longer. The trapnet catch of bluegill was 27.0 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. The bluegill catch was much higher in West Vermilion than in East Vermilion. The mean length of trapnetted bluegill was 5.5 inches, slightly below the historical average. High numbers of small bluegill are present in the population from strong 1995 and 1997 year classes. Angling prospects in 2001 are good, particularly in West Vermilion, although anglers can expect to catch more small fish than usual.The black crappie trapnet catch was 1.4 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Crappie numbers are usually relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although occasional population spikes occur in response to strong year classes. The mean length of trapnetted crappie was 8.5 inches, which is near the historical average. Moderately strong year classes were produced in 1994, 1995, and 1997. Angling prospects in 2001 are similar to recent years. Fair numbers of crappie 8-10 inches long will be available to anglers from the strong 1997 year class.The annual electrofishing assessment of smallmouth bass was not done in 2000 due to poor weather in June. The 1999 electrofishing assessment indicated the population was at a high level with a strong 1997 year class dominating the population.Muskie population assessments are done on Lake Vermilion once every four years for each of the two major lake basins, East Vermilion and West Vermilion. The last muskie population assessments were done on East Vermilion in 1997 and on West Vermilion in 1998. Most of the muskie caught during the 1997 and 1998 assessments 34-47 inches long. The largest muskie caught during the assessments was 49.2 inches long. Muskie were not present in Lake Vermilion until they were first stocked in 1969. An intensive stocking program using Leech Lake strain fingerlings began in 1987. Angler reports indicate the muskie population is doing well with the larger fish now exceeding 50 inches. The next population assessments are scheduled for 2001 and 2002. Additional Sources Of InformationInformation on lodging in the Lake Vermilion area can be obtained from the Lake Vermilion Resort Association by calling 1-800-648-5897 or by accessing their web site at www.lakevermilionresorts.com.Additional information on Lake Vermilion is available by accessing the Sportsmen's Club of Lake Vermilion web site at http://www.LakeVermilion.com/SCLV.
","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109573","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"totalCatch":57,"species":"BRB","CPUE":"1.97","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":52.6,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.92"},{"averageWeight":"0.26","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":73.2,"quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"9.79","species":"YEP","totalCatch":284},{"gearCount":20,"totalWeight":80.9,"averageWeight":"6.74","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"0.60","species":"NOP","totalCatch":12},{"CPUE":"0.45","totalCatch":9,"species":"RKB","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":3.1,"averageWeight":"0.34","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3"},{"quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":66.9,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"2.09","species":"NOP","totalCatch":32,"CPUE":"1.10"},{"averageWeight":"0.10","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.2,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.2","quartileWeight":"0.1","CPUE":"0.07","totalCatch":2,"species":"GOS"},{"CPUE":"0.55","totalCatch":11,"species":"LKW","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":26.3,"averageWeight":"2.39","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.1-3.0","quartileWeight":"0.9-2.8"},{"CPUE":"0.15","species":"SMB","totalCatch":3,"gearCount":20,"totalWeight":5.9,"averageWeight":"1.97","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","quartileCount":"0.2-0.6"},{"averageWeight":"0.26","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":11.1,"quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.45","species":"RKB","totalCatch":42},{"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"1.00","totalWeight":362.8,"quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"18.15","species":"WAE","totalCatch":363},{"CPUE":"0.65","totalCatch":13,"species":"BLG","totalWeight":3.7,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.28","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A"},{"totalCatch":1,"species":"PMK","CPUE":"0.05","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard gill nets","totalWeight":0.1,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.10"},{"totalWeight":300.8,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.80","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"18.90","species":"TLC","totalCatch":378},{"averageWeight":"1.98","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":132.7,"quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"3.35","totalCatch":67,"species":"WTS"},{"CPUE":"0.03","species":"SMB","totalCatch":1,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.80","totalWeight":0.8,"quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"totalCatch":20,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"1.00","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":6.3,"averageWeight":"0.32"},{"quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2","gear":"Standard gill nets","totalWeight":200.4,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.27","species":"YEP","totalCatch":733,"CPUE":"36.65"},{"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.73","totalWeight":9.5,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","CPUE":"0.65","totalCatch":13,"species":"BRB"},{"species":"WAE","totalCatch":60,"CPUE":"2.07","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","averageWeight":"1.12","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":67.1},{"totalCatch":11,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.38","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":3.8,"averageWeight":"0.35"},{"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.11","totalWeight":5.2,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"3.6","quartileWeight":"0.1","CPUE":"1.66","species":"PMK","totalCatch":48},{"averageWeight":"0.14","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":108.1,"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"27.00","totalCatch":783,"species":"BLG"},{"species":"WTS","totalCatch":3,"CPUE":"0.10","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","totalWeight":5,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"1.67"},{"totalWeight":16.6,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.42","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.38","species":"BLC","totalCatch":40}],"surveyDate":"2000-07-03","headerInfo":{"county":"St. Louis","id_date":"2000-07-03","survey_id":"109573","survey_type":"Population Assessment","wb_type":"Lake","wb_alt_name":"","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800"}},{"narrative":"The walleye gill net catch in 2001 was 18.3 fish/net, the highest walleye gill net catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion and similar to a high walleye catch in 2000. High walleye catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. The mean length of gill netted walleye was 13.1 inches, slightly above the historical median. Angling prospects for walleye in 2002 are very good, with high numbers of walleye present in the 12-16 inch size range.The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleye was 161.0 fish/hour of electrofishing, well above the historical median. Electrofishing catches of YOY walleye were well below average in both 1999 and 2000. The mean length of YOY walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.5 inches, slightly above the historical median. Mean length of YOY walleye is strongly related to eventual year class strength on Lake Vermilion, with fast growing YOY walleye producing strong year classes and slow growing YOY walleye producing poor year classes. Based on this relationship, it is expected the 2001 year class will be slightly stronger than average.The northern pike gill net catch was 0.8 fish/net, slightly above the historical median. The northern pike population on Lake Vermilion is usually quite stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 26.5 inches, slightly above the historical median. Angling prospects for 2002 should be similar to recent years.The DNR is considering a 24-36 inch protected slot limit for northern pike on Lake Vermilion, as part of a statewide initiative to manage for larger northern pike in a group of 30-50 lakes located across the state. Lake Vermilion has the necessary biological characteristics to produce large pike and would be a good candidate for this initiative. Public meetings will be held in September of 2002 to recieve input on this proposal. Questions or comments will also be taken at the Tower Fisheries office until 10 days after the public meeting. The address and phone number of the Tower Fisheries office is listed on the last page of this report.The gill net catch of yellow perch was 21.2 fish/net, well below the historical median and the lowest perch catch since 1995. The mean length of gill netted perch was 7.9 inches, well above the historical median. Average to strong year classes of perch were produced in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998. The perch fishery on Lake Vermilion is relatively insignificant, with most of the harvest incidental while targeting other species. There is potential for catching quality size perch in the Big Bay area of East Vermilion, where 69% of the catch was 9 inches or longer.Muskie population assessments are done every four years on each of the two major basins of the lake, East Vermilion and West Vermilion. Assessments are done on different consectutive years on the two lake basins because of the large size of the lake. A muskie population assessment was done on East Vermilion in 2001 and an assessment will be done on West Vermilion in 2002. Muskie were not present in Lake Vermilion until they were first stocked in 1969. An intensive stocking program using Leech Lake strain fingerlings began in 1987.The 2001 spring trap net catch of muskie on East Vermilion was 1.6 fish/net, well above the 1997 catch of 0.5 fish/net. The higher muskie catch in 2001 was due to more year classes of mature fish in the population and the use of new larger trap nets designed specifcally for catching muskie. Muskie sampled during the assessment had a mean length of 42.7 inches. Male muskie had a mean length of 40.8 inches, while the mean length of female muskie was 45.5 inches. The largest fish sampled during the assessment was 51.4 inches long. Angler reports indicate the larger muskie in the lake are now around 55 inches long.The summer trap net catch of bluegill was 64.7 fish/net, the highest bluegill trap net catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion. The high bluegill catch was due to strong year classes produced in 1995, 1997, and 1998. Trap netted bluegill had a mean length of was 5.7 inches, slightly below the historical median. Angling prospects for bluegill in 2002 are very good, particularly in West Vermilion, although anglers will probably catch more small fish than usual.The trap net catch of black crappie was 1.3 fish/net, slightly below the historical median. Crappie numbers are usually relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although the population seems a little higher in some areas of West Vermilion. Average to moderately strong year classes were produced in 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. Trap netted crappie had a mean length of 8.5 inches, which is near the historical median. Fair numbers of 8-11 inch crappies will be available to anglers in 2002.The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch was 49.7 fish/hour, the second highest catch since sampling by electrofishing began 1n 1989. High smallmouth bass catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1995, 1997, and 1998. The mean length of smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing was 9.4 inches, slightly above the historical median. Angling prospects for smallmouth bass in 2002 are very good, although anglers may catch more small fish than usual from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes.
","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109574","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"totalCatch":88,"species":"BRB","CPUE":"3.03","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.73","totalWeight":64.2},{"averageWeight":"0.21","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":83.2,"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"13.93","totalCatch":404,"species":"YEP"},{"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"7.60","totalWeight":7.6,"quartileCount":"0.8","quartileWeight":"3.0","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"BUB"},{"species":"NOP","totalCatch":15,"CPUE":"0.75","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":64.9,"averageWeight":"4.33"},{"averageWeight":"0.47","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":4.7,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","CPUE":"0.50","totalCatch":10,"species":"RKB"},{"totalCatch":20,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"0.69","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","averageWeight":"2.83","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":56.6},{"quartileCount":"0.2","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.10","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.1,"species":"GOS","totalCatch":1,"CPUE":"0.03"},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","quartileCount":"0.2-0.6","totalWeight":3.8,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.95","species":"SMB","totalCatch":4,"CPUE":"0.20"},{"CPUE":"4.31","totalCatch":125,"species":"RKB","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.22","totalWeight":27.2,"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"CPUE":"18.25","species":"WAE","totalCatch":365,"gearCount":20,"totalWeight":312.8,"averageWeight":"0.86","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8"},{"CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"HSF","totalWeight":0.4,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.40","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.09","totalWeight":0.6,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","CPUE":"0.35","totalCatch":7,"species":"BLG"},{"totalCatch":278,"species":"TLC","CPUE":"13.90","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","totalWeight":207.4,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.75"},{"CPUE":"3.60","totalCatch":72,"species":"WTS","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"1.95","totalWeight":140.2,"quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"CPUE":"0.41","totalCatch":12,"species":"SMB","totalWeight":4.9,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.41","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8"},{"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"0.47","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":4.7,"totalCatch":10,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"0.50"},{"CPUE":"21.20","species":"YEP","totalCatch":424,"totalWeight":119.5,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.28","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8"},{"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.80","totalWeight":1.6,"quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"0.10","species":"BRB","totalCatch":2},{"quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"1.39","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":94.5,"species":"WAE","totalCatch":68,"CPUE":"2.34"},{"averageWeight":"0.45","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":1.8,"quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.14","totalCatch":4,"species":"LMB"},{"quartileCount":"3.6","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.12","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":15.5,"species":"PMK","totalCatch":127,"CPUE":"4.38"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":250.8,"averageWeight":"0.13","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"64.69","species":"BLG","totalCatch":1876},{"CPUE":"0.24","species":"WTS","totalCatch":7,"averageWeight":"2.40","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":16.8,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8"},{"totalWeight":16.1,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.42","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","CPUE":"1.31","species":"BLC","totalCatch":38}],"surveyDate":"2001-05-05","headerInfo":{"wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109574","survey_type":"Population Assessment","id_date":"2001-05-05","county":"St. Louis","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""}},{"narrative":"Lake Vermilion is part of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, fish disease examinations, water quality monitoring, zooplankton monitoring, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. Since 1984, annual fish population assessments on Lake Vermilion have included a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. These gears include gill nets, trap nets, shoreline seines, and electrofishing boats. Sampling is conducted at the same general time of year and locations for each gear type in order to track population trends. Length, weight, and age data are collected for game fishes of management concern. Lake Vermilion is comprised of two major basins, East Vermilion (area east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (area west of Oak Narrows).
\n
\nAn updated management plan for Lake Vermilion was finalized in 2017 to guide fisheries management for a six year period from 2017-2022. Additionally, a new special regulation for walleye came into effect in May 2017. The special regulation for walleye is a 20-26 inch protected slot limit, with one fish over 26 inches allowed in the four fish possession limit. The goal of the regulation is to provide additional harvest opportunity while maintaining safe harvest levels and adequate spawning stock.
\n
\n2017 Angling Prospects
\nThe Lake Vermilion fishery is healthy and should provide both catch and harvest opportunities for multiple species. The walleye population is in good condition in terms of abundance, size, and age distribution. Harvest opportunity is available for walleyes from 13-20 inches, and fish over 20 inches continue to be abundant providing opportunity for a memorable fish. Smallmouth bass abundance continues to be high with fish over 14 inches available. Black crappie, bluegill, largemouth bass, northern pike, and yellow perch all will provide additional angling opportunities. Trophy opportunities exist for muskie anglers as fish over 50 inches are present in the population.
\n
\nWalleye
\nThe 2016 annual gill-net survey had a walleye catch rate of 14.0 fish/net which was near the historic average for Lake Vermilion. The average length of walleyes captured was 14.4 inches which was above the historic average. Average length has increased since the implementation of the protected slot in 2006. The catch rate of 13-20 inch walleyes is slightly above the historic median suggesting fish of preferred harvest sizes are available. Additionally, the numbers of fish 19 inches and larger continue to be above historic averages. Walleyes captured in gill nets in 2016 ranged in age from 0 to 15 years. Catch rates of age-0 (2016 year class), 1 (2015 year class), 4 (2012 year class), 5 (2011 year class), and age-8 and older (2001-2009 year classes) fish were above historical averages. As observed in the 2015 survey, the age-4 fish from the 2012 year class continue to persist at numbers well-above average. Walleyes age-8 and older continue to be well represented in the gill net sample representing about 11% of the catch. In the past 10 years, strong year classes were produced in 2007 and 2012 and weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009. Preliminary estimates suggest that the 2015 year class is strong. Fall electrofishing provides general information on the abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes at or near the end of their first growing season. Both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and the size of fish captured are useful in predicting future year class strength. In 2016, the catch rate of YOY walleyes was 137.0 fish/hour which was slightly above the historic average. The average length of fish captured was 6.1 inches which was the second highest value observed dating back to 1988. Given the gill net catch rate, electrofishing catch rate, and large average size of YOY walleyes sampled, the early indication is that the 2016 year class will be moderate to strong.
\n
\nYellow Perch
\nThe 2016 yellow perch gill net catch rate of 13.9 fish/net was the lowest catch rate ever observed on Lake Vermilion. The highest catch rate ever observed was in 2013, but catch rates have declined since then. Perch catch rates tend to be quite variable from year to year, so it takes multiple years of data to understand trends. The mean length of yellow perch captured in 2016 was 7.7 inches, slightly above the historic average. The catch rate of fish 9 inches and larger showed a modest increase and was the highest observed since 2008. Yellow perch captured in gill nets ranged from 1-6 years old.
\n
\nNorthern Pike
\nThe 2016 gill net catch rate was 0.2 fish/net which was the lowest catch rate ever observed. Historically, northern pike gill net catch rates have been relatively low and fairly stable ranging between 0.5 and 1.7 fish/net. The catch rates have been trending downward since the late 1980's. Typically, more pike are caught in West Vermilion than in East Vermilion. The annual gill net survey on Lake Vermilion does not target the shallow, vegetated bays where northern pike tend to be found in greater abundance. Additionally, reductions in aquatic vegetation due to rusty crayfish have altered the habitat dramatically, especially in East Vermilion, thus potentially reducing catches in standard gill net sets.
\n
\nA 24-36 inch protected slot limit regulation with one fish over 36 inches allowed in a three fish possession limit for northern pike was implemented in 2003. The regulation change was part of a state-wide initiative to improve the size structure of northern pike populations. There is some evidence in the creel and gill net data that the average size of northern pike has increased following the regulation, but sample size has been low which limits analysis. Information collected from spring ice-out trapnetting in 2017 will be used to assess changes in size structure. The last assessments of this type were done in 1997 and 1998 prior to implementation of the special regulation.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass
\nThe 2016 spring electrofishing catch rate of smallmouth bass was 58.3 fish/hour which was above the 75th percentile for Lake Vermilion. The average length was 10.1 inches, which was near the historical average. Catch rates during spring electrofishing surveys have increased since sampling began in 1989 indicating increased abundance. Typically higher catch rates are observed in West Vermilion but the average size tends to be larger in East Vermilion.
\n
\nBluegill
\nThe 2016 trap net catch rate of bluegill was 16.9 fish/net, which was well below the historical average and the lowest catch rate observed since 2006. Bluegills captured in trap nets had an average length of 5.7 inches, with very few fish captured over 8 inches. Historically, lakewide trap net catches of bluegill have been extremely variable ranging from 14.4 to 64.7 fish/net from 1987 to 2015. Bluegills are more abundant in West Vermilion compared to East Vermilion.
\n
\nBlack Crappie
\nThe 2016 trap net catch rate of black crappie was 1.1 fish/net, which was slightly below the historical average and down from catches observed in 2014 and 2015. The average length of fish captured was 9.0 inches and the catch was primarily composed of fish in the 9.5 to 11.5 inch range. Black crappie abundance has historically been relatively low and stable on Lake Vermilion with generally higher abundance in West Vermilion. Notable black crappie catches and harvest were reported by anglers in West Vermilion in 2016.
\n
\nAquatic Invasive Species
\nAquatic invasive species are not native to Minnesota and cause varying levels of economic and environmental harm. Several invasive species are present in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterfleas. Chinese mystery snails were first discovered in Spring Bay in 2011 and have since been reported in an adjacent bay. Their impact on the lake is unknown but likely negligible. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis sutherlandae is a microsporidian parasite that infects muscle tissue in fish and causes the disease Heterosporis. Heterosporis has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion, mostly from the west end of the lake. The impact on fish populations is likely negligible.
\n
\nA small, but dense population of curly-leaf pondweed was first surveyed in Everetts Bay in 2009. Since then, annual surveys have been conducted and curly-leaf pondweed has not reached nuisance levels. The plant has been found in Stuntz Bay at low levels as well. Control and removal techniques have been evaluated and used sporadically with varied success. The curly-leaf pondweed infestations are often intermingled with native aquatic vegetation and there is a concern that increased herbicide treatments could reduce native plant diversity.
\n
\nRusty crayfish have been monitored in the gill net catch in the lake since the early 1990's; monitoring shows their numbers peaked between 2011 and 2014 but were down in 2015. However, the 2016 catch was back above average. Rusty crayfish have been more abundant in East Vermilion and have expanded into West Vermilion. Aquatic vegetation has been greatly diminished in areas of the lake that have been colonized. They seem to prefer aquatic vegetation in sandy areas so less impact has been observed in bays with soft bottom substrates.
\n
\nSpiny waterfleas are an invasive zooplankton first discovered in Lake Vermilion in 2015. As of now, spiny waterfleas have only been sampled in East Vermilion. Other large lakes with a longer history of spiny waterflea presence including Rainy Lake, Lake Kabetogama, and Lake of the Woods have seen significant declines in native zooplankton biomass and density following the introduction of the invasive zooplankton. Lake users should follow Minnesota's Clean, Drain, Dispose laws to help prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. For more information on aquatic invasive species and other DNR programs, please visit http://www.dnr.state.mn.us. For more information about Lake Vermilion, please contact Tower Area Fisheries by phone at 218-300-7802 or email tower.fisheries@state.mn.us.
\n
2018 Angling Prospects
\nThe Lake Vermilion fishery is healthy and should provide both catch and harvest opportunities for multiple species. The walleye population is abundant and consists of a wide range of sizes and age classes. Harvest opportunity is above average for walleyes from 14 to 18 inches, and fish over 20 inches continue to be abundant providing opportunity for a memorable or trophy fish. Although historically low in abundance, northern pike provide an opportunity to catch fish up to 40 inches. Additionally, black crappie, bluegill, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and yellow perch all will provide additional angling opportunities. Trophy opportunities exist for muskie anglers as fish over 50 inches are present in the population. Whitefish and cisco (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities primarily during the fall sport gill-netting season.
\n
\nFisheries Management
\nLake Vermilion is comprised of two major basins, East Vermilion (area east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (area west of Oak Narrows), that are significantly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, water quality monitoring, zooplankton monitoring, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. Since 1984, annual standardized fish population assessments have included a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. The gears include gill nets, trap nets, shoreline seines, and electrofishing boats. Fisheries assessments are standardized so that the sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year in order to track population trends. Length, weight, age, and other data are collected for fishes of management concern.
\n
\nA new management plan for Lake Vermilion was finalized in 2018 to guide fisheries management for a six year period from 2017 to 2022 following input from the Lake Vermilion Fisheries Input Group and the general public. The new plan increases the use of defined fisheries goals, objectives, and management activities for individual fish species. In addition to the updated management plan, a new special regulation for walleye came into effect in May 2017. The new regulation is a 20 to 26 inch protected slot limit, with one fish over 26 inches allowed in a four fish possession limit.
\n
\nLakes with special northern pike regulations, like Lake Vermilion, will not be included in the State's new northern pike management zone regulations. Therefore, the current special regulation is in effect in 2018: all northern pike from 24 to 36 inches must be immediately released with one fish allowed over 36 inches in a three fish possession limit. However, the DNR is considering dropping the special regulation which would mean the new northeast zone regulation could apply to Vermilion in the future. This process will follow standard rulemaking procedures with the opportunity for general public input in 2018. The public accesses will be posted prior to the 2018 fishing opener and the DNR will hold a public input meeting in August. The earliest implementation of the northeast zone regulation for Lake Vermilion would be in May 2019, if there is public support. The northeast northern pike zone regulation is all fish from 30 to 40 inches will require release and only one over 40 inches is allowed in a possession limit of two fish. Spearers will also be able to take two pike but only one may be larger than 26 inches.
\n
\nWalleye
\nThe DNR's 2017 annual fall gill-net survey had a walleye catch rate of 15.7 fish/net, exceeding the historic average for Lake Vermilion. Annual gill-net catch rates have normally been higher in East Vermilion than West Vermilion. The 2017 catch rates were well above the historic average in East Vermilion and slightly above average in West Vermilion. The average length of walleyes was 14.4 inches which was above the historic average. Average length has increased since the implementation of the protected slot in 2006. The increase has been less pronounced in East Vermilion compared to West Vermilion. Above average numbers of 14 to 18 inch walleyes were sampled in 2017 lakewide. Overall, fish of preferred harvest sizes are in the 14 to 18 inch range in East Vermilion and 14 to 20 inch range in West Vermilion. Additionally, the numbers of fish 20 inches and larger continue to be above historic averages.
\n
\nWalleyes captured in gill nets in 2017 ranged in age from 1 to 15 years. Catch rates of age-1 (2016 year class), age-4 (2013 year class), age-5 (2012 year class), age-6 (2011 year class), and age-8 and older (2002-2009 year classes) fish were above historical averages. As observed in the 2015 and 2016 surveys, age-5 fish from the 2012 year class continue to persist at numbers well-above the historic median. Fish as young as age-2 were available to harvest at about 13 inches long and fish as old as age-10 were still under the protected slot (<20 inches). Walleyes ages-8 and older continue to be well represented in the gill net sample, however they were only 6% of the catch in 2017 compared to 11% in 2016.
\n
\nThe most recent strong walleye year class was produced in 2012. Preliminary estimates of the 2015 and 2016 year classes indicate moderate to exceptionally strong year classes also. Additionally, a notable strong year class for West Vermilion was produced in 2014 and these fish should provide harvest opportunity in that basin. Fall electrofishing provides general information on the abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. Both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and length of fish captured help predict future year class strength, however length appears to be a better indicator for Lake Vermilion. In 2017, the catch rate of YOY walleyes was 90.3 fish/hour which was slightly above the historic 25th percentile. The average length of fish captured was 5.7 inches which was slightly above the historic average. Based on catch rates and average length of fish observed, preliminary data suggests the 2017 year class could be weak to moderate. The last weak year class lakewide occurred in 2009.
\n
\nDNR continues to operate the walleye spawn take and hatchery at the Pike River. A portion of the walleye fry produced at the Pike River hatchery will be put back into Lake Vermilion. In the past 10 years, between 5.7 and 15 million fry have been stocked into Lake Vermilion annually. We will stock approximately 5 million walleye fry into Lake Vermilion in 2018.
\n
\nYellow Perch
\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide some angler harvest. The 2017 gill-net catch rate of 15.0 fish/net was slightly greater than the catch rate observed in 2016, but fell below the management plan objective. Catch rates have been extremely variable and somewhat cyclic. Both the lowest and highest catch rates observed historically occurred within the last 5 years. The mean length of yellow perch captured in 2017 was 7.8 inches, slightly above the historic average. Fish captured in gill nets ranged from 1 to 8 years of age. Age-2 and age-5 fish made up the largest portions of aged fish. The high proportion of age-2 fish captured bodes well for the future.
\n
\nNorthern Pike
\nNorthern pike have historically been present in relatively low abundance in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for anglers. An ice-out trap-net assessment was conducted in 2017 to obtain size structure information on adult pike. A total of 397 pike ranging in length from 10.8 to 39.8 inches (average = 23.4 inches) were captured. During the annual fall gill-net assessment in 2017, eleven northern pike (0.55 fish/net) ranging in length from 17.8 to 39.2 inches were captured. The gill-net catch rate fell below the historical 1st quartile. Analysis of the effects of the 24 to 36 inch protected slot length limit indicated that the abundance of northern pike has declined but the size structure has shifted towards larger fish. The regulation has been in place since 2003.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass
\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and they provide an important fishery. Typically higher catch rates are observed in West Vermilion but the average size tends to be larger in East Vermilion. Spring electrofishing targeting bass did not occur in 2017 and has been reduced to once every three years in the new management plan.
\n
\nBluegill and Black Crappie
\nBluegills provide significant catch and harvest opportunity in Lake Vermilion and black crappies are generally a minor component of the fishery. Trap-net catches indicate greater abundance of both species in West Vermilion. Summer trap-netting targeting panfish did not occur in 2017 and has been reduced to once every three years in the new management plan.
\n
\nAquatic Invasive Species
\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's Clean, Drain, Dispose laws to help prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. Several invasive species are present in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterfleas.
\n
\nSpiny waterfleas are an invasive zooplankton first discovered in East Vermilion in 2015. They have yet to be sampled in West Vermilion. In 2017, overall zooplankton densities, biomass, and species diversity were lower in East Vermilion compared to West Vermilion and this trend became more evident as the year progressed. The observed trend is likely due to the increasing abundance of spiny waterfleas in East Vermilion. Similar results were observed in Rainy and Kabetogama lakes following the establishment of the invasive zooplankton.
\n
\n
2021 Angling Prospects
\n
\nLake Vermilion continues to be a solid multispecies fishery that provides both catch and harvest opportunities for several species. The annual DNR survey in 2020 indicated that walleye abundance is near record highs throughout the lake despite the seemingly higher than normal fishing pressure that occurred. The high walleye abundance is due to recent strong year-classes that were mostly under 15 inches in the fall of 2020. These fish should provide ample catch and harvest opportunities in 2021 and beyond. Also, an abundance of walleyes over 20 inches will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake while also ensuring plenty of broodstock.
\n
\nAnglers seeking muskellunge (muskies) will find opportunities for fish with trophy potential as a significant portion of the population are 50 inches or larger. Anglers targeting smallmouth bass should find them throughout the lake. East Vermilion has fewer but on average larger fish than West Vermilion, which has higher numbers of smaller fish. Additionally, largemouth bass can be found in low numbers overall, but certain areas of West Vermilion provide the best catch opportunities. Although low in abundance overall, northern pike can be found in specific areas providing catch and harvest opportunities with the possibility to catch fish up to 40 inches. Additionally, black crappie and bluegill will continue to provide angling opportunities. Whitefish and cisco (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities primarily during the fall sport gill-netting season.
\n
\nAnglers are reminded that a special regulation exists for walleyes where all fish from 20 to 26 inches must be immediately released. There is a four walleye possession limit with only one fish over 26 inches allowed. Anglers are also reminded that since 2019, northern pike are managed under the northeast zone regulation requiring release of all fish between 30 and 40 inches, only one allowed over 40 inches, and a two fish possession limit. For darkhouse spearing, you are allowed two pike but only one may be over 26 inches. All other fish species are managed under current statewide fishing regulations.
\n
\nFisheries Management
\n
\nLake Vermilion is comprised of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows), that are significantly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, water quality monitoring, zooplankton monitoring, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have included a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. The gears include gill nets, trap nets, shoreline seines, and electrofishing boats. Fisheries assessments are standardized so that the same sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to best track population trends over time. Length, weight, age, and other data are collected for fish of management concern.
\n
\nThe current management plan for Lake Vermilion was designed to guide fisheries management for a six-year period from 2017 to 2022. Since 1971, DNR has annually operated the walleye spawn take and hatchery at the Pike River, a major tributary to Lake Vermilion. A small portion of the walleye fry produced annually at the Pike River Hatchery are put back into Lake Vermilion. In the previous 10 years, between 5 and 15 million fry have been stocked annually. DNR's walleye spawn take operations were suspended in 2020 due to COVID-19 safety concerns, resulting in no walleye fry being stocked. However, natural reproduction of wild walleye fry is high in Lake Vermilion and one year without \"put back\" stocking will likely be unnoticeable to anglers.
\n
\nA muskellunge stocking program began in 1987 with the goal of establishing a low density, high quality muskie population in Lake Vermilion. The most recent management plan calls for a base stocking quota of 3,000 fingerlings annually with up to 2,000 surplus fingerlings per two-year period, as available. DNR's muskellunge spawn take operations were also suspended in 2020 due to COVID-19 safety concerns. Therefore, no muskellunge fingerlings were stocked into Lake Vermilion in 2020 due to a lack of availability statewide. Recent surplus stocking along with natural reproduction should help offset any negative impacts from the missed stocking event.
\n
\nWalleye
\n
\nIn 2020, the DNR's annual fall gill-net survey produced the highest lakewide walleye catch rate in the 37 years of standardized sampling in Lake Vermilion at 20.4 fish/net. High catch rates were observed throughout the lake even after substantial fishing pressure had occurred during the spring and summer of 2020 based on anecdotal observations. The significant increase in catch rates from the previous two years was driven by recent strong recruitment. The 2020 East Vermilion walleye catch rate of 23.3 fish/net ranked as the third highest catch rate historically in that basin. The West Vermilion catch rate of 16.0 fish/net ranked as the second highest catch rate historically in that basin.
\n
\nThe average length of walleyes captured in the fall 2020 gill-net survey was about 14 inches. It was the smallest average size since 2008, which can be attributed to the recent strong year classes that produced exceptionally high catches of fish under 15 inches throughout the lake. These fish should provide substantial catch and harvest opportunities over the next several years. Additionally, high catch rates of fish 20 inches and larger will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake while also ensuring plenty of broodstock.
\n
\nWalleyes captured in gill nets in 2020 ranged from 0 to 23 years old. Lakewide catch rates of age-0 (2020 year-class), age-1 (2019 year-class), age-2 (2018 year-class), age-4 (2016 year-class), age-5 (2015 year-class), age-7 (2013 year-class), and ages-8 and older fish were at or above historical averages. The catch rate of age-2 fish was the highest ever observed for an age-2 cohort. This follows an above-average catch rate of that year-class as an age-1 cohort in 2019, suggesting strong recruitment. The catch rate of fish ages-8 and older exceeded the 75th percentile for the second consecutive year and for the 10th time in 11 years. Following implementation of size protective walleye regulations in 2006, the catch rate of these older fish has drastically increased.
\n
\nThe most recent strong walleye year-class was produced lakewide in 2016 and preliminary estimates indicate 2018 and 2019 could also be strong year-classes. The most recent weak year-class occurred lakewide in 2017. In East Vermilion, the most recent strong year-class was produced in 2016 and preliminary estimates indicate 2019 could be strong. The last weak year-class was produced in 2017. In West Vermilion, consistent moderate to strong recruitment has occurred annually since the last weak year-class in 2013. The 2018 cohort will likely be the first strong year-class in West Vermilion since 2014 and a potential banner year-class overall.
\n
\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and average length of fish captured help predict future year-class strength. In 2020, the lakewide catch rate of YOY walleyes of 72.0 fish/hour fell below the 25th percentile of previous surveys. Below average catches of YOY fish occurred in East Vermilion while catches below the 25th percentile were recorded in West Vermilion. The average length of fish captured lakewide was 6.3 inches, which was the highest average size ever recorded.
\n
\nMuskellunge
\n
\nMuskies provide an important catch-and-release sport fishery on Lake Vermilion. The muskie population was established via a stocking program that began in the late 1980s with the goal of providing a low density, high quality fishery. In 2020, DNR had planned to conduct the second year of a two-year effort to get a population estimate of adult muskies in Lake Vermilion. Due to safety concerns with the COVID-19 pandemic, that assessment was not completed. Options for obtaining population estimates in the future are being evaluated. During the most recent assessment conducted in 2019, muskies averaged 44.7 inches in length and over 10% of the fish sampled were 50 inches or larger.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass
\n
\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and they provide an important fishery. Spring electrofishing targeting primarily smallmouth bass habitat has been conducted almost annually since 1989 as the primary assessment of the population. Based on survey results, smallmouth bass abundance has generally increased over the last three decades. Recent surveys indicate that the trend in increasing numbers continues in West Vermilion, but abundance has stabilized in East Vermilion. Abundance and size structure are very different between the two basins, as West Vermilion tends to have higher numbers with much smaller fish on average when compared to East Vermilion. During the most recent management planning process, it was decided that bass assessment frequency could be reduced to once every three years and still adequately monitor the population. However, due in part to recent stakeholder concerns, sampling was conducted in 2020 for the second time in 3 years.
\n
\nThe lakewide catch rate of smallmouth bass during spring electrofishing in 2020 was 60.3 fish/hour. This was a slight decline from 2018, but near the average for catch rates in the five surveys since 2014. The East Vermilion catch rate of 44.0 fish/hour was similar to the 2018 survey and near the average of surveys since 2014.The West Vermilion catch rate of 93.0 fish/hour was down from the record high in 2018 (145.0 fish/hour), but was average over the past five surveys. The average length of fish captured in West Vermilion was 7.4 inches and no fish over 13 inches were sampled. In contrast, the average length of fish sampled in East Vermilion was 10.8 inches and about one-fourth were over 13 inches. The fish ranged from 1 to 15 years old and each year class from age-1 (2019 year-class) to age-10 (2010 year-class) was represented in the sample indicating consistent recruitment.
\n
\nOverall, the smallmouth bass population in Lake Vermilion displays a stable to increasing trend in abundance based on electrofishing, gill net, seine, and creel data. Length and age distributions of fish indicate that recruitment to the fishery should continue to bolster the population in the near future. Abundance continues to remain higher in West Vermilion, but fish are smaller on average due to slower growth compared to East Vermilion.
\n
\n Largemouth Bass
\n
\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery and are primarily found in West Vermilion. They do provide fishing opportunities and typically have low harvest rates. Spring electrofishing is the standard assessment technique to assess largemouth bass populations in Minnesota. However, Lake Vermilion surveys have historically targeted smallmouth bass habitat because it is much more abundant in the lake. Largemouth bass were first captured during the standard electrofishing survey in West Vermilion in 2013 and have continued to be rarely encountered. However, in 2020, the West Vermilion catch rate was 2.0 fish/hour for the second consecutive survey. Largemouth bass are not abundant and are limited to specific areas of preferred habitat in the lake. However, DNR electrofishing, gill net, and creel data suggests a stable or increasing population primarily in West Vermilion.
\n
\nNorthern Pike
\n
\nNorthern pike are generally found in relatively low numbers in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for some anglers. Ice-out trap-net surveys have been done periodically to obtain size structure information on the northern pike population and additional data is collected during annual fall gill-net assessments. Ice-out trap netting was not conducted in 2020, however 12 northern pike (0.6 fish/net) ranging in length from 22.2 to 38.4 inches were captured in gill nets. The gill-net catch rate was at the 25th percentile of previous catches in Lake Vermilion. Overall, a declining trend in northern pike abundance has been observed lakewide over the past three decades. At the same time, the size structure has shifted towards larger fish which can partially be attributed to protected slot limit regulations that have been in place since 2003.
\n
\nYellow Perch
\n
\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide some incidental angler harvest. The 2020 lakewide gill-net catch rate of 34.9 fish/net was the highest catch rate observed since 2013 and also surpassed the historic 75th percentile. However, there continues to be a notable difference in catch rates when comparing the basins. The 2020 East Vermilion catch rate of 15.6 fish/net was an improvement from 2019 (10.7 fish/net) and slightly above the 25th percentile for that basin. In contrast, the West Vermilion catch rate of 63.8 fish/net was the second highest ever observed in that basin. Overall, East Vermilion yellow perch catch rates have displayed a decreasing trend since the early 1990s which is likely due to a combination of factors including habitat loss and increased predation. On the other hand, West Vermilion catch rates have displayed an increasing trend and have also continued to fluctuate cyclically typical of perch populations.
\n
\nThe average length of yellow perch captured in 2020 was relatively small at 7.2 inches compared to historic averages. This was driven by very high numbers of 5 and 6-inch fish captured primarily in West Vermilion. The catch rate of fish 9 inches and larger, which are typically the size anglers prefer to harvest, was below average. Fish captured in gill nets ranged from 1 to 11 years old. A high proportion of fish from age-2 to age-4 in the sample indicate consistent recruitment in recent years which may continue to bolster gill-net catch rates in the future.
\n
\nBluegill and Black Crappie
\n
\nBluegills provide significant catch and harvest opportunities in Lake Vermilion, while black crappies are generally a minor component of the fishery that can on occasion produce very good fishing. Trap-net catches and creel data indicate greater abundance of both species in West Vermilion compared to East Vermilion. Summer trap-netting targeting panfish did not occur in 2020 because sampling frequency was reduced in the current management plan. Alternative sampling methods are being evaluated to provide useful data on relative abundance and size structure of panfish populations.
\n
\nAquatic Invasive Species
\n
\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's aquatic invasive species laws to prevent introduction and minimize the spread of nonnative species. Several invasive species are present at varying levels in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterflea.
\n
\n
2023 Angling Prospects
\n
\nLake Vermilion is a unique multispecies fishery where anglers can experience outstanding catch and harvest opportunities. Results from the annual Minnesota DNR fisheries survey indicated walleye abundance continued to be above average in 2022. The high walleye numbers are due to strong recruitment from recent year-classes, with fish under 13 inches and fish over 16 inches well represented in the population last fall. These fish should provide ample catch and harvest opportunities in 2023. Of note, high numbers of fish between 16 and 20 inches are present in the population and should provide anglers substantial harvest opportunities. Also, an abundance of walleyes over 20 inches will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake while also ensuring plenty of spawners for future generations.
\n
\nAnglers targeting muskellunge (muskies) will find opportunities for quality fish with trophy potential. Muskies measuring 45 inches or larger make up a substantial portion of the population, and a significant number of fish over 50 inches are present in the lake. Anglers targeting smallmouth bass will find them throughout the lake. East Vermilion tends to hold fewer fish with a larger average size compared to West Vermilion, which has higher numbers of smaller fish. Largemouth bass can be found in low numbers overall, but certain areas of West Vermilion provide the best angling opportunities. Although low overall in abundance, northern pike provide catch and harvest opportunities with the possibility for a fish over 40 inches. High numbers of yellow perch with a solid average size, including some larger fish in the population, will present additional angling opportunities. Black crappies and bluegills will continue to provide angling opportunities in areas of preferred habitat throughout the lake. Finally, whitefish and ciscoes (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities that primarily occur during the fall sport gill-netting season.
\n
\nAnglers are reminded that a special regulation exists for walleyes where all fish from 20 to 26 inches must be immediately released. There is a four walleye possession limit with only one fish over 26 inches allowed. Anglers are also reminded that since 2019, northern pike have been managed under the Northeast Zone regulations requiring immediate release of all angled fish between 30 and 40 inches with only one fish over 40 inches allowed in a two fish possession limit. Separate regulations exist for dark house spearing which allows spearers to have two pike in possession but only one may be over 26 inches. All other fish species are managed under current statewide fishing regulations.
\n
\nFisheries Management
\n
\nLake Vermilion is composed of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows). Each basin is slightly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, fish contaminant and disease inspections, water quality monitoring, zooplankton surveys, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have occurred for Lake Vermilion using a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. Fisheries assessments are standardized so that the same sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to accurately track population trends over time. Length, weight, age, and other scientific data are collected for fish of management concern.
\n
\nThe current Lake Vermilion Fisheries Management Plan summarizes goals, objectives, and activities to help guide fisheries management. Since 1971, DNR has annually operated a walleye spawn take and hatchery each spring, excluding 2020 due to COVID, near the mouth of the Pike River, a major tributary to Lake Vermilion. A small portion of the walleye fry produced annually at the Pike River Hatchery are put back into Lake Vermilion as outlined in the current management plan. The walleye fry stocked into Lake Vermilion are replaced at a higher rate than would be hatched naturally from the eggs taken during spawn take operations. Spawn take operations in 2022 resulted in 5 million walleye fry stocked into Lake Vermilion. In the previous 10 years, outside of 2020, between 5 and 13.5 million fry have been stocked annually in Vermilion. Because the walleye population in Lake Vermilion is primarily driven by natural reproduction, reduced walleye fry stocking rates over the last 25 plus years have not resulted in a decline in abundance, rather abundance has increased due to various factors.
\n
\nA muskellunge stocking program began in 1987 with the goal of establishing a low density, high quality muskie population in Lake Vermilion. The current management plan calls for a base stocking quota of 3,000 Leech Lake strain fingerlings annually with up to 2,000 surplus fingerlings per two-year period, as available. In 2022, the base stocking quota of 3,000 fingerlings was achieved along with 512 surplus fingerlings for a total of 3,512 muskie fingerlings stocked. All muskie fingerlings stocked into Lake Vermilion since 2017 have been implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to learn more about the population and further evaluate management strategies.
\n
\nWalleye
\n
\nMost anglers target walleye in Lake Vermilion and they account for most of the fish harvest on an annual basis. In 2022, the DNR's fall gill-net survey produced a walleye catch rate of 16.6 fish/net which was above average for annual surveys since 1984. The 2022 catch rate was nearly identical to what was observed in the 2021 survey and marked the third consecutive year of above average catches. The high catch rates throughout the lake in 2022 continue to be driven by recent moderate to strong recruitment. The 2022 East Vermilion walleye catch rate of 16.9 fish/net was near the historical average for that basin. The 2022 West Vermilion catch rate of 16.1 fish/net ranked as the second highest catch rate historically in that basin and continues the recent trend of high numbers. Three consecutive years of high catches in West Vermilion are mostly the result of an exceptionally strong 2018 year-class driving recruitment, especially in that basin.
\n
\nAn above average catch of fish from 13 to 20 inches was observed during the 2022 survey. Exceptionally high numbers of fish between 16 and 20 inches were captured boosting the overall catch rate of fish from the size range anglers prefer to keep. Additionally, above average numbers of small fish (<13 inches) were present in the population. These fish should provide ample catch and harvest opportunities in 2023. Above average numbers of fish 20 inches and larger will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake.
\n
\nRecently, walleye recruitment in Lake Vermilion has been higher than expected. From 2010 to 2019, Lake Vermilion produced nine moderate to strong walleye year-classes and only one weak year-class. Generally, natural walleye populations display more fluctuation with additional weak year-classes expected to be produced in a 10-year period. The most recent weak year-class occurred in 2017. The most recent strong year-class was produced in 2018 and that exceptional cohort is currently driving the fishery. Preliminary estimates indicate that the 2020 year-class will be weak to moderate and the 2021 year-class will be moderate to strong.
\n
\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and average length of fish captured help predict future year-class strength. In 2022, the lakewide catch rate of YOY walleyes of 179.0 fish/hour was above average compared to previous surveys dating back to 1988. The 5.6-inch average length was slightly above normal. Based on the catch rate and size of fish captured, the 2022 year-class is likely to be moderate to strong.
\n
\nMuskellunge
\n
\nMuskies provide an important catch-and-release sport fishery on Lake Vermilion. The muskie population was established via a stocking program that began in the late 1980s with the goal of providing a low-density, high-quality fishery. During the most recent assessment conducted in 2019, muskies averaged 44.7 inches with over 40% of fish measuring 45 inches or larger. Additionally, about 11% of the fish sampled were 50 inches or larger. Options for obtaining adult population estimates and evaluating recent stocking strategies are being considered for the future.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass
\n
\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and the population provides an important fishery. Overall, the smallmouth bass population in Lake Vermilion has shown an increasing trend in abundance over the last three decades. Abundance and size structure are notably different when comparing the two basins, as West Vermilion tends to have higher numbers of fish that are much smaller on average when compared to East Vermilion.
\n
\nThe lakewide catch rate of smallmouth bass during spring electrofishing in 2022 was 98.3 fish/hour. This was the highest catch rate ever observed and was primarily driven by high numbers of small fish (<10 inches) especially in West Vermilion. The average length of fish captured in West Vermilion was a little over 7 inches and only a small portion (<8%) of the catch was over 12 inches. In contrast, the average length of fish sampled in East Vermilion was over 10.5 inches and more than one-third of the catch was 12 inches or larger.
\n
\nLargemouth Bass
\n
\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery that are primarily found in West Vermilion. The population provides angling opportunities and typically has a low harvest rate. Largemouth bass are not abundant and are limited to specific areas of preferred habitat in the lake. However, DNR electrofishing, gill-net, and creel data suggests a stable or increasing population, primarily in West Vermilion. Zero largemouth bass were captured during spring electrofishing or the fall gill-net survey in 2022. This is not uncommon for Lake Vermilion and is not an indication of a significant decline in the population.
\n
\nNorthern Pike
\n
\nNorthern pike are found in relatively low numbers in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for some anglers and dark house spearers. Fisheries assessment data indicates higher abundance in West Vermilion. In 2022, 11 northern pike (0.6 fish/net) ranging in length from 17 to 37 inches were captured in gill nets. The low catch rate observed in 2022 continues a declining trend in northern pike abundance that has been observed lakewide over the past three decades. Simultaneously, the size structure has shifted towards larger fish due in part to protected slot limit regulations that have been in place since 2003.
\n
\nYellow Perch
\n
\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide anglers catch and harvest opportunities. The 2022 lakewide gill-net catch rate of 45.0 fish/net was the highest observed since 2013 and the third highest ever. Abundance and size structure are notably different when comparing the two basins, as West Vermilion tends to have higher numbers of fish that are smaller on average when compared to East Vermilion. The 2022 catch rate of 27.6 fish/net in East Vermilion was the highest since 2013 and above average for the basin. The West Vermilion catch rate of 71.0 fish/net was the second highest ever observed and continues a trend of four consecutive years of high catch rates in that basin. Yellow perch captured in the 2022 survey averaged about 8 inches in length, which was larger than normal. Good numbers of fish over 9 inches should provide anglers harvest opportunities while high numbers of fish under 9 inches will also be caught, especially in West Vermilion. On a lakewide basis the population is in satisfactory condition.
\n
\nBluegill and Black Crappie
\n
\nBluegills provide significant catch and harvest opportunities in Lake Vermilion, while black crappies are generally a minor component of the fishery that can on occasion produce good fishing. Summer trap-net catches and creel data indicate greater abundance of both species in West Vermilion compared to East Vermilion. Summer trap-netting targeting panfish did not occur in 2022. In the future, trap-netting will be done in the spring to provide better estimates of relative abundance and size structure of panfish populations.
\n
\nAquatic Invasive Species
\n
\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's aquatic invasive species laws to prevent introduction and minimize the spread of invasive species. Several invasive species are present at varying levels in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterflea.
\n
\nRusty crayfish, native to the Ohio River basin, are invasive crustaceans that were first captured in fisheries survey gear in Lake Vermilion in 1986. The population rapidly increased and they became abundant in a significant portion of East Vermilion by 1993. Overall, catches of rusty crayfish in the annual gill-net survey display a relatively stable trend since the early 1990s, with substantial annual fluctuations. Rusty crayfish continue to be more abundant in East Vermilion, particularly Big Bay, but the population has continued to expand in West Vermilion. They have significantly reduced aquatic plant beds in certain areas and have displaced native crayfish.
Introduction
\n
\nBlack Crappies are generally a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery that can provide good fishing opportunities especially in the spring. Typically, few anglers specifically target them, but anglers tend to keep what they catch. Recent spring surveys suggest decent numbers are found in Vermilion compared to other area lakes, but overall abundance is fairly low compared to elsewhere in the state. Bluegills can provide catch and harvest opportunities for anglers fishing Lake Vermilion. Typically, very few anglers come to Lake Vermilion seeking bluegills, but they tend to be one of the most caught and harvested species in terms of total numbers.
\n
\nBlack Crappie
\n
\nThe lakewide Black Crappie catch rate of 5.0 fish/net from the spring 2024 survey was identical to the catch rate from 2023. The spring catch rates observed were higher than any previous summer survey. The 2024 catch rate in West Vermilion of 8.9 fish/net was almost identical to the 9.1 fish/net observed in that basin in 2023. East Vermilion catch rates were also nearly the same in 2023 (3.0 fish/net) and 2024 (3.1 fish/net), but both were notably lower than West Vermilion catches. The spring catch rates exceeded previous highs observed in both basins during summer surveys. The average length of fish captured was slightly larger in East Vermilion (average = 10.2 inches) compared to West Vermilion (average = 9.7 inches), and a higher percentage of the catch was 10 inches or larger in East Vermilion. Nonetheless, fish larger than 13 inches were caught in each basin. Fish captured ranged in age from 2 to 11 years old and the population displayed consistent, but variable, recruitment. Growth rates for younger fish appear to be faster in East Vermilion compared to West Vermilion. Evaluation of the spring sampling design suggests that it will be useful to continue this methodology to sample the Black Crappie population in the future based on the catch rates, sample sizes, and annual consistency.
\n
\nBluegill
\n
\nThe spring 2024 lakewide Bluegill catch rate of 14.3 fish/net was down from the previous year's spring catch rate (20.1 fish/net) and lower than any historical summer survey. Spring catch rates dramatically increased in East Vermilion from 2.5 fish/net in 2023 to 8.7 fish/net in 2024, while they dramatically decreased in West Vermilion from 55.5 fish/net in 2023 to 25.6 fish/net in 2024. However, catch rates remained significantly higher in West Vermilion both years. The average length of fish captured was similar lakewide when comparing 2023 (6.2 inches) and 2024 (6.1 inches). However, when comparing the basins, the average length was slightly larger in East Vermilion in 2023, but dramatically larger in West Vermilion in 2024. Nonetheless, fish over 9 inches were caught in each basin. A higher percentage of the catch was 8 inches or larger in East Vermilion compared to West Vermilion in both spring samples. Fish captured ranged in age from 3 to 13 years old and the population displayed consistent, but variable, recruitment. Further evaluation of the spring sampling design is warranted.
The 1993 walleye gill net catch was the lowest observed since 1987 and was slightly below the long term median for the lake. The walleye catch was still well within the third quartile for all Class 2 lakes. The decline in the walleye catch was primarily due to the lack of strong, younger year classes. The last strong year class was produced in 1988 and the influence of that year class is now declining. The 1993 walleye catch was dominated by relatively average 1990 and 1991 year classes. Poor growth of young-of-the-year walleye in 1992 and 1993 indicates these year classes may be average to below average as well.The yellow perch population remains at high level, well above average for Lake Vermilion and other Class 2 lakes. Perch numbers have been relatively high since 1989. The bluegill population has stabilized at a relatively moderate level in recent years after an exceptionally high level in the late 1980's. Black crappie numbers are slightly below average, primarily because no strong year classes have been produced since 1987. Population levels of the other major species sampled are near historical averages.
","lengths":{},"surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109547","surveyType":"Standard Survey","fishCatchSummaries":[{"totalWeight":0.01,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.01","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"GSF"},{"averageWeight":"0.01","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.01,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","CPUE":"0.03","species":"HSF","totalCatch":1},{"species":"BLG","totalCatch":443,"CPUE":"15.28","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.19","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":82.3},{"species":"YEP","totalCatch":187,"CPUE":"6.45","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.16","totalWeight":30.2},{"totalCatch":1,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.03","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":0.01,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.01"},{"totalWeight":3.3,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.33","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","CPUE":"0.34","totalCatch":10,"species":"RKB"},{"quartileWeight":"3.0","quartileCount":"0.8","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.01","totalWeight":0.01,"totalCatch":1,"species":"BUB","CPUE":"0.03"},{"CPUE":"1.07","totalCatch":31,"species":"BRB","averageWeight":"0.87","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":26.9,"quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":37.8,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"2.91","totalCatch":13,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"0.45"},{"totalCatch":14,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"0.48","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":6.6,"averageWeight":"0.47"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.8,"averageWeight":"0.80","quartileWeight":"0.4","quartileCount":"0.0","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"MUE"},{"totalWeight":38.1,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"1.47","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","CPUE":"0.90","species":"WAE","totalCatch":26},{"totalCatch":18,"species":"PMK","CPUE":"0.62","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.11","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":1.9},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.01,"averageWeight":"0.01","quartileCount":"0.2","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","species":"GOS","totalCatch":1},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","averageWeight":"0.10","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.1,"totalCatch":1,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.03"}],"headerInfo":{"wb_alt_name":"","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109547","survey_type":"Population Assessment","id_date":"1993-09-29","county":"St. Louis"},"surveyDate":"1993-09-29"},{"narrative":"The walleye gillnet catch in 1987 of 11.2 fish per set is near the long term average of 12.0 per set for lake vermilion. The catch remains well above state and local medians. The average size of captured walleye is relatively small, which is typical for Lake Vermilion. The northern pike gill net catch in 1987 (0.5 fish/set) was below state and local medians, which is normal for Lake Vermilion. Since the inception of large lake assessment work in 1984, the northern pike catch has been very consistent, at 0.6 or 0.5 fish per set.
","lengths":{},"surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109551","fishCatchSummaries":[{"CPUE":"56.43","totalCatch":2765,"species":"BLG","totalWeight":453.8,"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"0.16","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","totalWeight":39.9,"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"0.15","species":"YEP","totalCatch":268,"CPUE":"5.47"},{"gearCount":49,"totalWeight":1,"averageWeight":"0.09","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","CPUE":"0.22","species":"LMB","totalCatch":11},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","totalWeight":10.7,"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"0.21","totalCatch":52,"species":"RKB","CPUE":"1.06"},{"gearCount":49,"totalWeight":16.9,"averageWeight":"0.65","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.53","totalCatch":26,"species":"BRB"},{"species":"BLC","totalCatch":119,"CPUE":"2.43","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","averageWeight":"0.47","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":56},{"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"2.43","totalWeight":29.2,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","CPUE":"0.24","totalCatch":12,"species":"NOP"},{"CPUE":"0.10","totalCatch":5,"species":"WTS","gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"1.76","totalWeight":8.8,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7"},{"totalCatch":1,"species":"MUE","CPUE":"0.02","quartileWeight":"0.4","quartileCount":"0.0","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"3.30","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":3.3},{"species":"WAE","totalCatch":35,"CPUE":"0.71","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":31.9,"averageWeight":"0.91"},{"gearCount":49,"totalWeight":22.2,"averageWeight":"0.12","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","CPUE":"3.86","totalCatch":189,"species":"PMK"},{"totalCatch":3,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.06","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.13","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":0.4}],"headerInfo":{"wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":"","id_date":"1987-09-04","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109551","survey_type":"Population Assessment"},"surveyDate":"1987-09-04"},{"narrative":"Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe walleye gill net catch in 2010 was 12.2 fish/net, slightly below the historical average for Lake Vermilion. It was the third consecutive year walleye gill net catches were below average. Lower than average walleye catches in recent years was due primarily to poor reproduction in 2004, 2005, and 2008. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.0 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to low numbers of small walleye in the catch and above average numbers of large walleye. Most of these larger walleye were sampled on West Vermilion and came from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The gill net catch of 13-16 inch walleye was slightly above average, indicating favorable angling prospects in 2011. The walleye gill net catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2007 year class) and age 4 fish (2006 year class), which comprised 39.5% and 21.4% of the catch, respectively. Both the 2006 and 2007 year classes are stronger than average. Strong year classes of walleye were also produced in 2002 and 2003, while poor year classes were produced in 2004, 2005, and 2008. One year of netting indicates the 2009 year class will also be weaker than average. A special walleye regulation went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2006; a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four fish bag limit. A more restrictive regulation was adopted because of increased fishing pressure and walleye harvest. The regulation will help keep harvest at a safe level while allowing anglers to keep eating sized walleye.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of northern pike was 0.7 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 29.8 inches, well above the historical average, although the sample size was only 14 fish. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although no strong year classes have been produced in several years. A special regulation for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2003; a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 19.3 fish/net, well below the historical average. It was the fourth consecutive year of low perch catches. Low perch catches in recent years were due in part to poor reproduction in 2004, 2005, and 2007. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.3 inches, which is near the historical average. Perch sampled on East Vermilion were considerably larger than those sampled on West Vermilion. The perch catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2008 year class) and age 3 fish (2007 year class), which together comprised 72.2% of the catch. It appears the 2008 year class may be near average in strength, while most other recent year classes are weaker than average. The last strong year class of perch was produced in 2002.
\n
\nThe trap net catch of bluegill was 21.6 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.5 inches, well below the historical average. Over 76% of the bluegill catch was less than 6 inches long, reflecting strong young year classes in the population. The bluegill trap net catch was dominated by age 5 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 45.4% of the catch. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2005 and 2006, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
\n
\nThe black crappie trap net catch was 1.0 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 9.6 inches, well above the historical average. The catch of 10-11 inch crappie was well above average, reflecting the presence of a strong 2005 year class. The crappie catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2006 year class), which comprised 46.2% of the catch, respectively. Strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2005 and 2006, while poor year classes were produced in 2004 and 2007.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2010 was 38.6 fish/hour, which is near the historical average. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 10.6 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to high numbers of 15-16 inch bass in the catch from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The smallmouth bass catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2006 year class) and age 5 fish (2005 year class), which together comprised 51.5% of the total catch. Both the 2005 and 2006 year classes are much stronger than average. Poor year classes were produced in 2004 and 2007.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye was 53.3 fish/hour, well below the historical average. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.5 inches, slightly above the historical average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2010 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2010 year class will likely be near average.
\n
\nMuskie population assessments have been done once every four years on Lake Vermilion, although future assessments will be done once every six years. East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years due to the large size of the lake. Trap net catches of muskie have been gradually increasing since the first assessments were done in 1993 and 1994. The number of large fish has also been increasing. Over 15% of the muskie sampled in 2005 and 2006 were over 50 inches long. The largest muskie sampled during the 2005-2006 assessments was 54.7 inches long. The next assessments are scheduled for 2011 and 2012.
\n
\nThere are four invasive species known to be present in Lake Vermilion. Rusty crayfish are very abundant in East Vermilion and have recently become established in West Vermilion. Curly-leaf pondweed is now present in Everett's Bay and Stuntz Bay in East Vermilion. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis, a microsporidean fish parasite, has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion. Anglers and boaters should always take preventative measures to avoid moving invasive species to other lakes. For more information on invasive species and other DNR programs, go to the DNR website at mndnr.gov.
\n \t
\n
The walleye gillnet catch in 1988 of 12.4 fish per net is near the long term average for Lake Vermilion and is well above state and local medians. The walleye population in Lake Vermilion has been relatively stable since the 1940's. The average length of gillnetted walleye was 13 is near the historical average. The northern pike gillnet catch in 1988 was 0.9 fish per net, slightly higher than recent years. The northern pike population in Lake Vermilion has typically been relatively low numbers of relatively large fish. The gillnet catch of northern cisco and yellow perch was down slightly from recent years but still above state and local medians. Gillnet catches of other major species in Lake Vermilion were close to historical averages. Centrarchid population remain at a relatively high level in lake vermilion. The trapnet catch of bluegill in 1988 was 39.2 fish per net. This is down from 56.4 fish per net in 1987, probably reflecting a decline in influence of a very strong 1983 year class. Bluegill, are a recent addition to the fish community in Lake Vermilion, first reported in the lake in 1970. Pumpkinseed and black crappie are present in Lake Vermilion in lower numbers than bluegill, with a trapnet catch in 1988 of 4.9 fish per net and 1.9 fish per set, respectively. Black crappie numbers have been relatively stable in recent years while pumpkinseed numbers appear to be increasing.
","headerInfo":{"wb_alt_name":"","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","id_date":"1988-09-09","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109552"},"surveyDate":"1988-09-09","fishCatchSummaries":[{"species":"HSF","totalCatch":20,"CPUE":"0.41","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.12","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":2.4},{"totalCatch":1927,"species":"BLG","CPUE":"39.33","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":406.8,"averageWeight":"0.21"},{"CPUE":"8.27","totalCatch":405,"species":"YEP","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":71.7,"averageWeight":"0.18","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"CPUE":"1.29","species":"LMB","totalCatch":63,"totalWeight":10.8,"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"0.17","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3"},{"CPUE":"1.78","totalCatch":87,"species":"RKB","averageWeight":"0.26","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":22.2,"quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"0.77","totalWeight":46.3,"totalCatch":60,"species":"BRB","CPUE":"1.22"},{"totalWeight":78.7,"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"2.71","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","CPUE":"0.59","totalCatch":29,"species":"NOP"},{"quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":23.5,"averageWeight":"0.25","species":"BLC","totalCatch":93,"CPUE":"1.90"},{"averageWeight":"1.80","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":32.4,"quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.37","totalCatch":18,"species":"WTS"},{"averageWeight":"0.40","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":0.4,"quartileWeight":"0.4","quartileCount":"0.0","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.02","species":"MUE","totalCatch":1},{"totalCatch":65,"species":"WAE","CPUE":"1.33","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"1.23","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":79.9},{"totalCatch":240,"species":"PMK","CPUE":"4.90","quartileCount":"3.6","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":30.6,"averageWeight":"0.13"},{"totalCatch":15,"species":"GOS","CPUE":"0.31","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"0.2","totalWeight":1,"gearCount":49,"averageWeight":"0.07"},{"species":"SMB","totalCatch":5,"CPUE":"0.10","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":49,"totalWeight":2.3,"averageWeight":"0.46"}]},{"fishCatchSummaries":[{"species":"HSF","totalCatch":2,"CPUE":"0.07","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","totalWeight":0.7,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.35"},{"species":"BLG","totalCatch":513,"CPUE":"17.69","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","totalWeight":84.3,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.16"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.20","totalWeight":49.4,"species":"YEP","totalCatch":243,"CPUE":"8.38"},{"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"2.50","totalWeight":2.5,"quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","species":"LMB","totalCatch":1},{"totalCatch":27,"species":"RKB","CPUE":"0.93","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":6.4,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.24"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":52,"averageWeight":"1.27","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","CPUE":"1.41","totalCatch":41,"species":"BRB"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":42.2,"averageWeight":"1.46","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.00","totalCatch":29,"species":"NOP"},{"totalWeight":3.6,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.28","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.45","totalCatch":13,"species":"BLC"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":1.2,"averageWeight":"1.20","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"WTS"},{"CPUE":"1.48","totalCatch":43,"species":"WAE","totalWeight":47.6,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"1.11","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":7.8,"averageWeight":"0.12","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","CPUE":"2.21","totalCatch":64,"species":"PMK"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.1,"averageWeight":"0.05","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.2","quartileWeight":"0.1","CPUE":"0.07","species":"GOS","totalCatch":2},{"averageWeight":"0.10","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.1,"quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","species":"SMB","totalCatch":1}],"surveyDate":"1997-06-16","headerInfo":{"county":"St. Louis","id_date":"1997-06-16","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109570","wb_type":"Lake","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""},"narrative":"The walleye gillnet catch in 1997 was 15.2 fish/net, which is above the historical average for Lake Vermilion. Most of the walleye sampled were 10-16 inches long. The walleye catch was dominated by strong 1994 and 1995 year classes. Most walleye from the strong 1994 year class were 12-15 inches long and they will comprise a major portion of the walleye harvest in 1998. Walleye from the 1995 year class were primarily 10-13 inches long. As the summer progresses, growth will make the 1995 year class increasingly acceptable to anglers. Poor reproduction in 1992 and 1993 means below average numbers of age 5 and 6 walleye will be available to anglers. Most species experienced poor reproduction in 1992 and 1993, probably due to the cool summer weather in those years.The northern pike gillnet catch was 0.8 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Most of the northern pike sampled were 20-25 inches long, although larger fish are present. The gillnet catch was dominated by a strong 1994 year class.The muskie trapnet catch was 0.5 fish/net during a special spring trapnet assessment on East Vermilion. The catch was considerably higher than the 1993 catch of 0.2 fish/net. Most of muskie sampled were 34-43 inches long. The largest individual muskie caught was 46.1 inches long. All year classes from 1987-1991 were well represented in the catch. Muskie were not native to Lake Vermilion, although a signifigant population has been established by a stocking program that began in 1985.The gillnet catch of yellow perch was 24.8 fish/net, which is near the historical average for Lake Vermilion. Most of the perch sampled were 5-9 inches long. Perch tend to be larger in the Big Bay area of the lake, where 47% of the perch sampled were 9 inches or longer. The gillnet catch of perch was dominated by the 1995 and 1994 year classes. The bluegill trapnet catch was 17.7 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Bluegill catches have been relatively stable in recent years. The bluegill catch was much higher in West Vermilion than in East Vermilion. Most of the bluegill sampled were 6-8 inches long. Strong year classes were produced in 1995, 1994, 1991, 1988, and 1989.The trapnet catch of black crappie 0.4 fish/net, the lowest catch since sampling began in 1987. Crappie numbers have been below average for several years, due to the declining influence of a strong 1987 year class and the lack of strong, younger year classes. Most of the crappie sampled were 6-9 inches long. Fair year classes were produced in 1994 and 1991.Smallmouth bass are sampled with an electrofishing boat, since they are seldom caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass catch in 1997 was 26.3 fish/hour, which is near the historical average. Most of the bass sampled were 6-14 inches long, although larger fish are present. The smallmouth bass catch was dominated by the 1995, 1994, and 1991 year classes.
","surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveyID":"109570","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","lengths":{}},{"fishCatchSummaries":[{"totalCatch":192,"species":"TLC","CPUE":"12.80","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","totalWeight":162.5,"gearCount":15,"averageWeight":"0.85"},{"gearCount":15,"totalWeight":120,"averageWeight":"4.62","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","CPUE":"1.73","species":"NOP","totalCatch":26},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","averageWeight":"0.33","gearCount":15,"totalWeight":1.3,"species":"BLC","totalCatch":4,"CPUE":"0.27"},{"gearCount":15,"averageWeight":"2.36","totalWeight":84.8,"quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"2.40","species":"WTS","totalCatch":36},{"CPUE":"13.40","species":"WAE","totalCatch":201,"averageWeight":"0.84","gearCount":15,"totalWeight":169.3,"quartileCount":"3.6-10.8","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"quartileCount":"0.2-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":15,"averageWeight":"0.80","totalWeight":4,"totalCatch":5,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.33"},{"CPUE":"0.13","species":"BLG","totalCatch":2,"gearCount":15,"averageWeight":"0.55","totalWeight":1.1,"quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"species":"YEP","totalCatch":815,"CPUE":"54.33","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2","averageWeight":"0.21","gearCount":15,"totalWeight":170},{"gearCount":15,"averageWeight":"0.49","totalWeight":7.8,"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"1.07","totalCatch":16,"species":"RKB"}],"headerInfo":{"id_date":"1981-08-26","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109564","survey_type":"Population Assessment","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""},"surveyDate":"1981-08-26","narrative":"Walleye, perch and tullibee were taken in above average numbers. Smallmouth bass, sucker, and rock bass were taken in average numbers. Northern pike and crappie were taken in below average numbers. 80% of the walleyes are age I-IV. Good reproduction is evident in most years. Growth on walleyes is somewhat slower than for other walleye lakes in the Ely area. The walleye population and growth rates are quite similar to past assessments and surveys, although it appears that since 1941 the long term trend has been towards younger and smaller fish in Lake Vermilion. Composed of above average populations of walleye, tullibee, and yellow perch. Sucker, smallmouth bass, and rock bass are present in about average numbers. Northern pike, bluegill, and crappies are present in below average numbers. 80% of the walleyes are age I-IV. Walleye reproduction appears to be more variable on west vermilion than east vermilion, although it appears that at least some occurs each year. Growth rates are somewhat faster than on east vermilion. The long term trend shows that the walleye population is moving towards younger and smaller fish.
","lengths":{},"surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109564"},{"narrative":"Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe walleye gill net catch in 2009 was 13.4 fish/net, slightly below the historical average for Lake Vermilion. It was the second consecutive year walleye gill net catches were below average. Lower than average walleye catches in recent years was due primarily to poor reproduction in 2004 and 2005. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.0 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to high numbers of 17-20 inch walleye in the catch from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. Most of these larger walleye were sampled on West Vermilion. The gill net catch of 14-16 inch walleye was below average for those size classes, reflecting poor reproduction in 2004 and 2005. The walleye gill net catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2007 year class) and age 3 fish (2006 year class), which comprised 28.7% and 31.3% of the catch, respectively. Both the 2006 and 2007 year classes appear to be moderately strong. Strong year classes of walleye were also produced in 2002 and 2003, while poor year classes were produced in 2004 and 2005. One year of netting indicates the 2008 year class will also be weaker than average. A special walleye regulation went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2006; a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four fish bag limit. A more restrictive regulation was adopted because of increased fishing pressure and walleye harvest. The regulation will help keep harvest at a safe level while allowing anglers to keep eating sized walleye.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of northern pike was 1.1 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 27.2 inches, slightly above the historical average, although the sample size was only 22 fish. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although it appears a relatively poor year class was produced in 2003. A special regulation for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2003; a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 17.0 fish/net, well below the historical average. It was the third consecutive year of low perch catches. Low perch catches in recent years were due primarily to poor reproduction in 2004 and 2005. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.4 inches, which is near the historical average. The perch catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2006 year class), which comprised 50.9% of the catch. Although the 2006 year class dominated the perch catch, it is only average in strength. Poor year classes of perch were produced in 2004 and 2005. The last strong year class of perch was produced in 2002.
\n
\nThe trap net catch of bluegill was 39.0 fish/net, well above the historical average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.8 inches, slightly below the historical average. Over 80% of the bluegill catch was less than 7 inches long, reflecting strong young year classes in the population. The bluegill trap net catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 42.6% of the catch. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2005 and 2006, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
\n
\nThe black crappie trap net catch was 1.9 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 8.5 inches, slightly above the historical average. The catch of 8-9 inch crappie was well above average, reflecting the presence of a strong 2005 year class. The crappie catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2006 year class) and age 4 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 44.6% and 50.0% of the catch, respectively. Strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2005 and 2006, while a poor year class was produced in 2004.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2009 was 37.3 fish/hour, which is near the historical average. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 10.6 inches, well above the historical average. High numbers of 13-15 inch bass were sampled from strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The bass catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2006 year class) and age 4 fish (2005 year class), which together comprised 63.4% of the total catch. Both the 2005 and 2006 year classes are much stronger than average. A poor year class was produced in 2004.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye was 52.9 fish/hour, the lowest catch since sampling began in 1988. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 4.6 inches, well below the historical average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2009 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2009 year class will likely be very poor. Unusually cool spring and summer weather in 2009 probably had a negative effect on reproductive success of walleye and many other fish species.
\n
\nMuskie population assessments have been done once every four years on Lake Vermilion, although future assessments will be done once every six years. East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years due to the large size of the lake. Trap net catches of muskie have been gradually increasing since the first assessments were done in 1993 and 1994. The number of large fish has also been increasing. Over 15% of the muskie sampled in 2005 and 2006 were over 50 inches long. The largest muskie sampled during the 2005-2006 assessments was 54.7 inches long. The next assessments are scheduled for 2010 and 2011.
\n
This trapnet assessment shows above average populations of northern, yellow perch, walleye and rock bass, sucker, bluegill, and crappie were taken in average numbers. Bullheads and smallmouth bass were taken in below average numbers. The bluegill and crappies appear to be above average in size. The smallmouth and largemouth bass populations are quite a bit lower than was expected and are much lower than the populations in west vermilion. This trap net assessment shows above average populations of northern pike, yellow perch, walleye, bluegill and rock bass. Largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and crappies are present in about average numbers while suckers are present in low numbers. The bass appear to be smaller than average and the panfish are about average in size.
","surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveyID":"109565","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"species":"BLG","totalCatch":1011,"CPUE":"21.51","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","averageWeight":"0.30","gearCount":47,"totalWeight":304.8},{"gearCount":47,"totalWeight":53,"averageWeight":"0.23","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","CPUE":"4.85","totalCatch":228,"species":"YEP"},{"quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":8.8,"gearCount":47,"averageWeight":"0.40","totalCatch":22,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.47"},{"CPUE":"3.77","totalCatch":177,"species":"RKB","averageWeight":"0.33","gearCount":47,"totalWeight":57.7,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.7","quartileCount":"1.2","gearCount":47,"averageWeight":"0.65","totalWeight":1.3,"totalCatch":2,"species":"BRB","CPUE":"0.04"},{"CPUE":"2.60","totalCatch":122,"species":"BLC","totalWeight":53,"gearCount":47,"averageWeight":"0.43","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6"},{"species":"NOP","totalCatch":52,"CPUE":"1.11","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"1.72","gearCount":47,"totalWeight":89.5},{"quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"2.27","gearCount":47,"totalWeight":25,"species":"WTS","totalCatch":11,"CPUE":"0.23"},{"CPUE":"1.62","species":"WAE","totalCatch":76,"totalWeight":68.6,"gearCount":47,"averageWeight":"0.90","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"totalCatch":12,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.26","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":6.6,"gearCount":47,"averageWeight":"0.55"}],"surveyDate":"1982-07-09","headerInfo":{"wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":"","id_date":"1982-07-09","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109565","survey_type":"Population Assessment"}},{"surveyDate":"1995-06-21","headerInfo":{"county":"St. Louis","id_date":"1995-06-21","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109568","wb_type":"Lake","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"CPUE":"0.14","species":"HSF","totalCatch":4,"totalWeight":0.8,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.20","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A"},{"averageWeight":"0.24","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":122.4,"quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"17.86","totalCatch":518,"species":"BLG"},{"averageWeight":"0.17","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":73,"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"14.52","species":"YEP","totalCatch":421},{"CPUE":"0.03","species":"LMB","totalCatch":1,"averageWeight":"0.07","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":0.07,"quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"CPUE":"1.28","totalCatch":37,"species":"RKB","averageWeight":"0.18","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":6.8,"quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"CPUE":"1.93","totalCatch":56,"species":"BRB","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.87","totalWeight":48.8,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7"},{"averageWeight":"1.60","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":46.3,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","CPUE":"1.00","totalCatch":29,"species":"NOP"},{"quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.35","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":7.25,"species":"BLC","totalCatch":21,"CPUE":"0.72"},{"species":"WTS","totalCatch":9,"CPUE":"0.31","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":18,"averageWeight":"2.00"},{"CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"MUE","totalWeight":2.4,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"2.40","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.4","quartileCount":"0.0"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":58.7,"averageWeight":"0.95","species":"WAE","totalCatch":62,"CPUE":"2.14"},{"totalWeight":1.3,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.12","quartileCount":"3.6","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.38","species":"PMK","totalCatch":11},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","totalWeight":0.07,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.07","species":"SMB","totalCatch":1,"CPUE":"0.03"}],"surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109568","lengths":{},"narrative":"The walleye gillnet catch in 1995 was 12.4 fish/net, which is about average for Lake Vermilion and above average for other similar type lakes. The walleye population was dominated by age 1 fish (1994 year class) and age 4 fish (1991 year class). Walleye from the 1994 year class were 7-10 inches long. Walleye from the strong 1991 year class were primarily 13-16 inches long and will dominate the angler harvest in 1996. Relatively poor year classes of walleye were produced in 1992 and 1993. Beach seining and electrofishing indicate the 1995 year class should be well above average.Trap net and gill net catches of northern pike were both 1.0 fish/net, which are about average for Lake Vermilion and slightly below average for other similar type lakes. Most of the northern pike sampled were 15-24 inches long. The northern pike population on Lake Vermilion has historically been relatively stable without much year to year flucuation.Only one muskellunge was caught during the 1995 assessment, however they are seldom caught in standard assessment netting gear. Muskellunge were not known to be present in Lake Vermilion until a stocking program began in 1985. Spring assessment netting and angler reports indicate the population is doing quite well with the larger fish now nearing 50 inches.The gill net catch of yellow perch was 17.5 fish/net, which is slightly below average for Lake Vermilion and well above average for other similar type lakes. Most of the perch sampled were 6-8 inches long. Perch tend to be larger in the Big Bay area of the lake, where they averaged 9.1 inches long.The bluegill trap net catch was 17.9 fish/net, which is slightly below the historical average for Lake Vermilion and well above average for other similar type lakes. Most of the bluegill sampled were 6-8 inches long. Strong year classes were produced in 1988 and 1991. The bluegill population has stabilized in recent years after being at an exceptionally high level in the late 1980's.The trap catch of black crappie was 0.7 fish/net, which is below average for Lake Vermilion and below average for other similar type lakes. The crappie population has been at a relatively low level since the decline of a strong 1987 year class. Moderately strong year classes were produced in 1991 and 1994. Most of the crappie sampled were either less than 5 inches long or 9-11 inches long. Because smallmouth bass are seldom caught in standard assessment nets, an electrofishing boat is used to sample the smallmouth bass population. The smallmouth bass catch was 17.3 fish/hour of electrofishing, which is below average for Lake Vermilion. Data for comparison to other lakes is not available. Most of the bass sampled were 8-12 inches long.
"},{"fishCatchSummaries":[{"totalWeight":17.57,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.88","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.7","quartileCount":"1.2","CPUE":"0.71","totalCatch":20,"species":"BRB"},{"quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":43.18,"averageWeight":"0.17","species":"YEP","totalCatch":258,"CPUE":"9.21"},{"totalCatch":26,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"1.30","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","totalWeight":104.23,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"4.01"},{"quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"0.46","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":4.64,"species":"RKB","totalCatch":10,"CPUE":"0.50"},{"CPUE":"0.75","species":"NOP","totalCatch":21,"totalWeight":44.64,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"2.13","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A"},{"totalCatch":3,"species":"LKW","CPUE":"0.15","quartileWeight":"0.9-2.8","quartileCount":"0.1-3.0","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":13.3,"averageWeight":"4.43"},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.2-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":0.88,"averageWeight":"0.88","totalCatch":1,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.05"},{"totalWeight":20.17,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.26","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","CPUE":"2.75","totalCatch":77,"species":"RKB"},{"species":"WAE","totalCatch":353,"CPUE":"17.65","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":376.16,"averageWeight":"1.07"},{"gearCount":28,"totalWeight":0.59,"averageWeight":"0.29","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","CPUE":"0.07","species":"HSF","totalCatch":2},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","totalWeight":3.33,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.21","totalCatch":16,"species":"BLG","CPUE":"0.80"},{"quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","gear":"Standard gill nets","totalWeight":164.3,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.93","totalCatch":177,"species":"TLC","CPUE":"8.85"},{"totalCatch":49,"species":"WTS","CPUE":"2.45","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"1.82","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":88.94},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","totalWeight":0.06,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.06","species":"SMB","totalCatch":1,"CPUE":"0.04"},{"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":2.05,"averageWeight":"0.34","totalCatch":6,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"0.30"},{"CPUE":"40.80","species":"YEP","totalCatch":816,"totalWeight":136.73,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.17","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2"},{"totalWeight":4.52,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"1.13","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","CPUE":"0.20","species":"BRB","totalCatch":4},{"CPUE":"0.93","species":"WAE","totalCatch":26,"totalWeight":41.86,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"1.61","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9"},{"averageWeight":"1.04","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":2.09,"quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.7-2.1","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"0.10","totalCatch":2,"species":"BUB"},{"totalCatch":5,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.18","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","totalWeight":2.18,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.44"},{"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.17","totalWeight":6.87,"quartileCount":"3.6","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.46","species":"PMK","totalCatch":41},{"CPUE":"35.32","totalCatch":989,"species":"BLG","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":184.76,"averageWeight":"0.19","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1"},{"totalWeight":4.49,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"2.25","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","CPUE":"0.07","species":"WTS","totalCatch":2},{"totalWeight":22.44,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.36","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"2.25","species":"BLC","totalCatch":63}],"surveyDate":"2004-06-08","headerInfo":{"id_date":"2004-06-08","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_id":"109577","survey_type":"Population Assessment","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""},"narrative":"The walleye gill net catch in the fall of 2004 was 17.7 fish/net, well above the historical average for Lake Vermilion. Walleye gill net catches have been above average for a number of years, due to strong year classes produced in 1995, 1997, 1998, 2001, and 2002. Poor reproduction in 2000 contributed to a decline in the walleye catch in 2003, although the walleye catch improved in 2004 when fish from a strong 2002 year class began to be sampled in the gill nets.The mean length of walleye sampled in gill nets was 13.6 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to above average numbers of walleye 17-20 inches long in the gill net catch. These fish were primarily from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Although the numbers of large walleye are above average, their numbers are still low compared to the number of small walleye in the population. The gill net catch of 11 inch walleye was about double the historical average, reflecting a strong year class produced in 2002. The gill net catch of 14 and 15 inch walleye was below average, reflecting a poor 2000 year class.Angling prospects for walleye in 2005 are about average. A strong 2001 year class will provide good angling opportunities for walleye that will be about 13 inches long at the beginning of the fishing season. Fishing will be hurt by below average numbers of 14-15 inch walleye from a poor 2000 year class. Anglers can also expect to catch good numbers of small walleye from a strong 2002 year class. Most walleye from the 2002 year class will be 11-12 inches long at the start of the season. As these fish grow during the summer they will become increasingly acceptable to anglers. Above average numbers of 17-20 inch walleye will provide anglers a good opportunity to catch some larger fish as well.In an effort to maintain fishing quality, the DNR is proposing a special regulation for walleye on Lake Vermilion, beginning in 2006. A regulation change is being proposed because of increased fishing pressure and walleye harvest in recent years. Creel surveys in 2002 and 2003 documented the highest walleye harvest ever observed on Lake Vermilion, well above the long-term goal for the lake. Consistent harvest above the long-term goal could have negative consequences for the walleye population. Two potential regulations are being offered for consideration. One option is a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches. The other option, preferred by the DNR, combines the slot limit with a 4-fish daily and possession bag limit. Adding the 4-fish bag limit offers the best chance to keep harvest at a safe level. A 4-fish bag limit would also be consistent with regulations recently adopted on other large walleye lakes in Minnesota. There will be a formal public input process in September of 2005, including public input meetings and a time period for submitting written or verbal comments. Signs will also be posted at public accesses and resorts this spring informing anglers a regulation change is under consideration. If adopted, the new regulation would go into effect on May 13, 2006.Fall electrofishing is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye and help determine reproductive success for the year. The 2004 fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the year walleye was 91 fish/hour, slightly below the historical average. Electrofishing catches have historically varied widely on Lake Vermilion, due in part to variation in year class strength. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 4.6 inches, well below the historical average. Data from our sampling program indicates growth of young-of-the-year walleye is an important factor in eventual year class strength, with fast growing young-of-the-year walleye producing strong year classes and slow growing fish producing weak year classes. The mean length and total catch indicate the 2004 year class will probably be much weaker than average. Unusually cool summer weather kept growth very slow, which will likely cause a poor year class. The 2004 gill net catch of northern pike was 1.3 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 25.7 inches, slightly above the historical average. A wide size range of northern pike were sampled, although the total sample size was only 26 fish. Reproduction is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although a stronger than average year class was produced in 2001. Angling prospects for northern pike in 2005 should be similar to recent years, although anglers may catch more small fish than usual from the strong 2001 year class. A 24-36 inch protected slot limit for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2003. All fish 24-36 inches long must immediately be returned to the lake. The bag limit remains at three fish, which could include up to three fish under 24 inches or one fish over 36 inches. The new regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.The 2004 gill net catch of yellow perch was 40.8 fish/net, the highest perch catch on the lake since 1991. The high 2004 catch was due to large numbers of small fish from strong 2001 and 2002 year classes. The perch catch was especially high in West Vermilion. The mean length of perch sampled by gill nets was 6.9 inches, well below the historical average. The small average size was due to high numbers of 5-6 inch perch in the gill net catch from strong 2001 and 2002 year classes. All size classes of perch were well represented in the gill net catch. Strong year classes of perch were produced in 2001 and 2002, while poor year classes were produced in 1999 and 2000. Anglers can expect to catch more small perch than usual in 2005, particularly in West Vermilion. Larger perch are available to anglers in the Big Bay area of East Vermilion. Perch in the Big Bay area tend to be larger than those in other areas of the lake, probably because they feed extensively on rusty crayfish that are abundant in that area of the lake.The 2004 trap net catch of bluegill was 35.3 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Bluegill catches have been highly variable for several years, with an unusually high catch in 2001 and an unusually low catch in 2002. Bluegill are much more abundant in West Vermilion and trap net catches there are always much higher than catches on East Vermilion. The mean length of bluegill sampled by trap nets was 6.0 inches, which is near the historical average. Above average numbers of 6-7 inch bluegill were sampled from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. A strong year class of bluegill was also produced in 1995, while a very weak year class was produced in 2000. Anglers can expect good bluegill fishing in 2005, particularly on West Vermilion. The angler's catch will be dominated by 6-7 inch fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes. The number of bluegill in the population 8 inches and larger is about average, so there is some opportunity to catch larger fish as well. Bluegill fishing for larger fish should improve in the next several years as fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes grow and attain a size more desirable by anglers.The 2004 black crappie trap net catch was 2.3 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Trap net catches of crappie have been relatively stable in recent years. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although a few areas of West Vermilion seem to have higher numbers of fish. The mean length of black crappie sampled by trap nets was 8.1 inches, slightly below the historical average. High numbers of 8 inch crappie were sampled from a strong year class produced in 2001. The trap net catch of 11 inch crappie was also above average. These fish were primarily from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Angling prospects for crappie in 2005 are better than average. There are fair numbers of 11-12 inch fish available from the strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Crappie from the strong 2001 year class will be somewhat small this year, however they will provide good angling opportunities in 2006.An electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The 2004 smallmouth bass catch was 43.7 fish/hour of electrofishing, well above the historical average. Electrofishing catches of smallmouth bass have been above average since 1998, due primarily to strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 11.2 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to an unusually high catch of 13-15 inch bass from strong 1997 and 1998 year classes. Above average numbers of 9-10 inch bass were also sampled, primarily from a strong year class produced in 2001. A relatively poor year class of smallmouth bass was produced in 2000. Angling prospects for smallmouth bass are very good in 2005. Fish from a very strong 1997 year class are now 13-15 inches long. Lesser numbers of larger fish will be available to anglers from the older age classes in the population. Fishing for large fish should improve in the next several years as fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes continue to grow.Muskie population assessments are done every four years on Lake Vermilion, although East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years due to the large size of the lake. Population assessments were done on East Vermilion in 2001 and on West Vermilion in 2002. The next assessments are scheduled for 2005 and 2006. The muskie program has been very successful on Lake Vermilion and the lake is now recognized as one of the top muskie fisheries in Minnesota.
","surveyID":"109577","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{}},{"narrative":"2020 Angling Prospects
\n
\nLake Vermilion continues to be a solid multispecies fishery that provides both catch and harvest opportunities for several species. The annual DNR survey indicated that walleye abundance is down for the second consecutive year and anglers will again notice differences in catch and harvest rates between the east and west basins. However, compared to the 2019 fishing season, anglers may note an increase in the numbers of fish of preferred harvest sizes in East Vermilion especially as fish from the strong 2016 year-class grow throughout the summer. Additionally, anglers can expect to catch numbers of small walleyes under 10 inches as DNR sampling indicates a potential strong 2019 year-class in East Vermilion. On the other hand, anglers may note a decline in the numbers of preferred harvest size walleyes in West Vermilion as there seems to have been a significant amount of harvest in 2019 that reduced abundance. A strong 2018 year-class in that basin will potentially provide good catch opportunities with some fish growing into the harvestable range as summer progresses. Walleyes over 20 inches continue to be well represented and will provide opportunities for a memorable catch.
\n
\nAnglers seeking muskellunge (muskies) will find opportunities for fish with a large average size and with trophy potential as a significant portion of the population are 50 inches or larger. Anglers targeting smallmouth bass should find good numbers throughout the lake, but West Vermilion tends to hold higher numbers with smaller fish on average while East Vermilion has lower abundance but larger fish. Additionally, largemouth bass can be found in low numbers overall but certain areas, primarily in West Vermilion, provide the best catch opportunities. Although overall low in abundance, northern pike can be found in specific areas providing harvest opportunities with the possibility to catch fish up to 40 inches. Additionally, black crappie and bluegill will continue to provide angling opportunities. Whitefish and cisco (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities primarily during the fall sport gill-netting season.
\n
\nFisheries Management
\n
\nLake Vermilion is comprised of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows), that are significantly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the DNR Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, water quality monitoring, zooplankton monitoring, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have included a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. The gears include gill nets, trap nets, shoreline seines, and electrofishing boats. Fisheries assessments are standardized so that the sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to best track population trends. Length, weight, age, and other data are collected for fishes of management concern.
\n
\nThe current management plan for Lake Vermilion guides fisheries management for a six year period, 2017 to 2022. A special regulation exists for walleyes where all fish from 20 to 26 inches must be immediately released. There is a four fish possession limit with only one fish over 26 inches allowed. All other fish are managed under statewide fishing regulations. DNR continues to operate the walleye spawn take and hatchery at the Pike River, a major tributary to Lake Vermilion. A portion of the walleye fry produced at the Pike River Hatchery are put back into Lake Vermilion. In the past 10 years, between 5 and 15 million fry have been stocked annually into Lake Vermilion. A fingerling muskellunge stocking program began in 1987 with the goal of establishing a low density, high quality population. The most recent management plan calls for a base stocking quota of 3,000 fingerlings annually with up to 2,000 surplus fingerlings per two-year period as available. In 2019, the base quota of 3,000 fingerlings were stocked along with 2,026 surplus fingerlings.
\n
\nWalleye
\n
\nThe DNR's 2019 annual fall gill-net survey had a lakewide walleye catch rate of 12.2 fish/net which was a slight increase from 2018. However, the catch rate fell below the 25th percentile for survey data dating back to 1984. Below average catch rates were observed in both basins. The lower catch rate in East Vermilion is mostly due to a weak 2017 year-class. In West Vermilion, the lower catch rate is likely the result of angler harvest throughout the summer of 2019, as there was a noticeable decline in fish from 14 to 18 inches from what was observed in 2018. Anecdotal information suggests that fishing pressure and harvest increased in that basin compared to previous years.
\n
\nThe average length of walleyes captured in the 2019 gill-net survey was 14.5 inches. An increasing trend in the average length of walleyes has occurred since the protected slot limit was first used in 2006. Historically, fish in East Vermilion have been smaller and their increase in average size over time has not been as noticeable as fish in West Vermilion. Average to below average numbers of walleyes from 7 to 18 inches were sampled lakewide in 2019. However, average to above average numbers of walleyes 19 inches and larger were present throughout the lake. East Vermilion had moderate numbers of fish 12 inches and larger which should provide adequate harvest opportunities along with the chance to catch a larger fish during the 2020 season. West Vermilion had moderate to low catches of fish from 11 to 19 inches, but high numbers of 9 and 10 inch fish should grow into harvestable fish as summer progresses. Also, considerable numbers of fish 19 inches and larger will provide some harvest and memorable catch opportunities.
\n
\nWalleyes captured in gill nets in 2019 ranged in age from 0 to 21 years. Catch rates of age-0 (2019 year-class), age-1 (2018 year-class), age-3 (2016 year-class), age-6 (2013 year-class), age-7 (2012 year-class), and ages-8 and older fish were at or above historical averages. For the second consecutive year, catch rates of fish from the 2017 year-class (age-2) were below the 25th percentile indicating a weak year-class. The catch rate of fish ages-8 and older exceeded the 75th percentile following a below average catch in 2018. Following implementation of size protective walleye regulations in 2006, the catch rate of these older fish has significantly increased.
\n
\nThe most recent strong walleye year-class lakewide was produced in 2016. A weak year-class has not occurred lakewide since 2009, however early projections indicate that the 2017 year-class is weak. In East Vermilion, a strong year-class was produced in 2016. The last weak year-class was produced in 2014, however preliminary estimates indicate a weak 2017 year-class in East Vermilion. In West Vermilion, consistent moderate to strong recruitment has occurred annually since the last weak year-class in 2013. Early indications are that the 2018 year-class may be the first strong year-class in West Vermilion since 2014.
\n
\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and average length of fish captured help predict future year-class strength. In 2019, the lakewide catch rate of YOY walleyes was 129.3 fish/hour, which was near the historic average. Above average catches of YOY fish occurred in East Vermilion while catches below the 25th percentile were recorded in West Vermilion. The average length of fish captured lakewide was 6.1 inches which was the third highest average size dating back to 1988.
\n
\nMuskellunge
\n
\nMuskies provide an important catch-and-release sport fishery on Lake Vermilion. The muskie population was established via a stocking program that began in the late 1980s with the goal of providing a low density, high quality fishery. 2019 marked the first year in a two-year effort to get a population estimate of adult muskellunge in Lake Vermilion utilizing mark and recapture techniques. Overall, the effort was successful as a total of 715 muskellunge were captured and inserted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. The fish ranged in length from 24.2 to 54.1 inches with an average length of 44.7 inches. Fish from 39 to 51 inches were well represented and over 10% of the fish caught were 50 inches or larger.
\n
\nYellow Perch
\n
\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide some incidental angler harvest. The 2019 lakewide gill-net catch rate of 27.2 fish/net was above the historical average and was the highest catch rate since 2014. However, there was a drastic difference in catch rates between the basins. The East Vermilion catch rate of 10.7 fish/net was the second lowest ever observed. In contrast, the West Vermilion catch rate of 51.9 fish/net was the third highest ever observed in that basin. Overall, East Vermilion yellow perch catch rates have displayed a decreasing trend since the early 1990s which is likely due to a combination of factors including habitat loss and increased predation. West Vermilion yellow perch catch rates have not shown a trend and have continued to fluctuate cyclically typical of perch populations. Large variations in year to year catch rates are not uncommon, but several years of low catch rates may be a sign of potential problems with the yellow perch population in East Vermilion.
\n
\nThe average length of yellow perch captured in 2019 was 6.6 inches, which was the smallest average size ever observed. This was driven by very high numbers of fish between 5 and 7 inches captured primarily in West Vermilion. The catch rate of fish 9 inches and larger, which are typically the size anglers prefer to harvest, declined to the lowest level ever observed. Fish captured in gill nets ranged from 1 to 8 years old. A high proportion of fish from age-2 to age-4 in the sample indicate consistent moderate to strong recruitment in recent years which may continue to bolster gill-net catch rates in the future.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass
\n
\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and they provide an important fishery. Spring electrofishing targeting smallmouth bass habitat has been conducted almost annually since 1989. Based on survey results, abundance has increased over the last 25 years. Recent surveys indicate increasing numbers specifically in West Vermilion. Abundance and size structure are vastly different between the two basins, as West Vermilion tends to have higher numbers with much smaller fish on average when compared to East Vermilion. During the recent management planning process, it was decided that electrofishing frequency could be reduced to once every three years and still adequately monitor the population. Sampling was not conducted in 2019.
\n
\nLargemouth Bass
\n
\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery and are predominantly found in West Vermilion. The current spring electrofishing surveys do not target largemouth bass habitat, therefore information about the population is limited. Creel data indicates the population of largemouth bass has increased since the 1990s and fish over 20 inches are present.
\n
\nNorthern Pike
\n
\nNorthern pike have historically been present in relatively low numbers in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for some anglers. Ice-out trap-net assessments have been done periodically to obtain size structure information on the northern pike population and additional data is collected during annual fall gill-net assessments. Ice-out trap netting was not conducted in 2019, however 14 northern pike (0.7 fish/net) ranging in length from 19.9 to 39.2 inches were captured in gill nets. The gill-net catch rate was slightly below the historical median. Overall, a declining trend in northern pike abundance has been observed lakewide. At the same time, the size structure has shifted towards larger fish which can partially be attributed to a 24 to 36 inch protected slot limit regulation that was in place from 2003 to 2018. 2020 will mark the second year that the northern pike population will be managed under Minnesota's northeast zone regulations.
\n
\nBluegill and Black Crappie
\n
\nBluegills provide significant catch and harvest opportunities in Lake Vermilion while black crappies are generally a minor component of the fishery but on occasion produce very good fishing. Trap-net catches and creel data indicate greater abundance of both species in West Vermilion. Summer trap-netting targeting panfish did not occur in 2019 because sampling frequency was reduced in the current management plan. Alternative sampling methods are being evaluated to provide useful data on relative abundance and size structure of panfish populations.
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\nAquatic Invasive Species
\n
\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's clean, drain, and dispose laws to help prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. Several invasive species are present in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterfleas.
\n
\nSpiny waterfleas are an invasive zooplankton first discovered in East Vermilion in 2015. They were sampled for the first time in West Vermilion in 2018, but were not found west of Niles Bay. In 2019, spiny waterfleas were sampled in Wakemup Bay for the first time indicating potential lakewide distribution. No significant change in total zooplankton densities have occurred lakewide, however total zooplankton biomass, including native species, continues to decline. This is likely due to the increasing abundance of spiny waterfleas in East Vermilion as similar severe declines in native zooplankton communities have been observed in Rainy and Kabetogama lakes following spiny waterflea invasion. The changes to the zooplankton community may reduce the growth of young-of-the-year fish, including walleye and yellow perch, which rely on zooplankton as a food source.
\n
\nRusty crayfish are invasive crustaceans that have inhabited Lake Vermilion for several decades. They have significantly reduced aquatic plant beds in certain areas and have displaced native crayfish. Catches of rusty crayfish in the annual gill-net survey tend to fluctuate and display a slightly increasing trend since the early 1990s. They tend to be found predominately in East Vermilion with the highest numbers typically occurring in Big Bay.
\n
\n
2024 Angling Prospects
\n
\nLake Vermilion maintains its status as an excellent multispecies fishery where anglers can experience outstanding catch and harvest opportunities. Results from Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Fisheries surveys in 2023 indicated walleye abundance remains above average. The high walleye numbers are due to strong recruitment from recent year-classes, with plenty of fish found in the preferred harvest range of 13 to 20 inches. Also, above average numbers of fish in the 10 to 12-inch range captured last fall should provide future catch opportunities along with some harvest possibilities as they grow throughout the upcoming season. An abundance of walleyes over 20 inches will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake while also ensuring plenty of spawners for future generations.
\n
\nAnglers will also have opportunities to catch other species in Lake Vermilion as well. Anglers targeting muskellunge (muskies) will find opportunities for quality fish with trophy potential. Muskies measuring 45 inches or larger make up a substantial proportion of the population, and a significant number of fish over 50 inches are also present. Anglers targeting smallmouth bass will find good numbers throughout the lake, with West Vermilion holding higher numbers of fish and East Vermilion providing a larger average size. Largemouth bass can be found in very low numbers overall, but certain areas of West Vermilion provide the best angling opportunities. Although northern pike abundance is generally low overall, they do provide catch and harvest opportunities with the possibility for a trophy fish over 40 inches. Above average numbers of yellow perch with a respectable average size were observed in the 2023 survey. Plenty of fish over 10 inches and some over 12 inches were captured which should present harvest opportunities in 2024. Decent numbers of black crappies are available to anglers with higher numbers of fish found in West Vermilion. The crappies have a solid average size with fish over 13 inches in the population. Bluegills are found in much higher numbers in West Vermilion, but the average size tends to run a little smaller in that basin. However, fish over 9 inches can be found throughout the lake. Finally, whitefish and ciscoes (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities that primarily occur during the fall sport gill-netting season while also serving as important prey for the predator species in the lake.
\n
\nAnglers are reminded that a special regulation exists for walleyes where all fish from 20 to 26 inches must be immediately released. There is a possession limit of four walleyes with only one fish over 26 inches allowed. Anglers are also reminded that since 2019, northern pike have been managed under the Northeast Zone regulations requiring immediate release of all angled fish between 30 and 40 inches with only one over 40 inches allowed in a two fish possession limit. Separate regulations exist for dark house spearing which allows spearers to have two pike in possession but only one may be over 26 inches. All other fish species are managed under current statewide fishing regulations.
\n
\nFisheries Management
\n
\nLake Vermilion is composed of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows). Each basin is slightly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the Minnesota DNR Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, fish contaminant and disease inspections, water quality monitoring, zooplankton surveys, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have occurred for Lake Vermilion using a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. Fisheries assessments are standardized to ensure the same sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to accurately track population trends over time. Length, weight, age, and other scientific data are collected for fish of management concern.
\n
\nThe current Lake Vermilion Fisheries Management Plan summarizes goals, objectives, and activities to help guide fisheries management. Since 1971, DNR has annually operated a walleye spawn take and hatchery each spring, excluding 2020 due to COVID, near the mouth of the Pike River, a major tributary to Lake Vermilion. A proportion of the walleye fry produced annually at the Pike River Hatchery are put back into Lake Vermilion as outlined in the current management plan. The walleye fry stocked into Lake Vermilion are replaced at a higher rate than would be hatched naturally from the eggs taken during spawn take operations. Spawn take operations in 2023 resulted in 5 million walleye fry stocked into Lake Vermilion. In the previous 10 years, outside of 2020, between 5 and 13.5 million fry have been stocked annually in Vermilion. Because the walleye population in Lake Vermilion is primarily driven by natural reproduction, reduced walleye fry stocking rates over the last 25 plus years have not resulted in a decline in abundance, rather abundance has increased due to various factors.
\n
\nA muskellunge stocking program began in 1987 with the goal of establishing a low-density, high-quality muskie fishery in Lake Vermilion. The current management plan calls for a base stocking quota of 3,000 Leech Lake strain fingerlings annually with up to 2,000 surplus fingerlings per two-year period, as available. In 2023, the base stocking quota of 3,000 fingerlings was achieved along with 14 surplus fingerlings for a total of 3,014 muskie fingerlings stocked. All muskie fingerlings stocked into Lake Vermilion since 2017 (total = 21,635 fish) have been implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to learn more about the population and further evaluate management strategies. Recently, PIT tagged fish are showing up in fisheries assessments and being reported by anglers who have PIT tag readers. Additionally, recent natural reproduction has been documented.
\n
\nWalleye
\n
\nAnglers overwhelmingly come to Lake Vermilion to target walleyes, and walleyes account for the most fish caught and harvested of any species on an annual basis. In 2023, the DNR's fall gill-net survey produced a lakewide walleye catch rate of 16.7 fish/net which was above average for annual surveys since 1984. The 2023 catch rate was nearly identical to the previous two years and marked the fourth consecutive year of above average catches. The high catch rates continue to be driven by recent moderate to strong recruitment. When looking at the individual basins, the 2023 West Vermilion catch rate of 22.1 fish/net was the highest catch rate ever recorded in that basin by a decent margin. This continues a trend of four consecutive years of very high catches in West Vermilion resulting from an exceptionally strong 2018 year-class, followed by another strong year-class produced in 2021, both of which are driving recruitment in that basin. The 2023 East Vermilion walleye catch rate of 13.1 fish/net was fairly low for that basin, falling below the 25th percentile of historical catches. This is partially due to weak recruitment from the 2022 year-class.
\n
\nOverall, decent numbers of fish can be found from 13 to 20 inches, which is generally the size range anglers prefer to harvest. Additionally, above average numbers of small fish from 10 to 13 inches were present in the population last fall. These fish will grow throughout the 2024 fishing season and provide ample catch and harvest opportunities in 2024 and beyond. High numbers of fish 20 inches and larger will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake.
\n
\nSince 2016, walleye recruitment in Lake Vermilion has been somewhat boom or bust with strong year-classes occurring in 2016 and 2018 and weak year-classes occurring in 2017 and 2020. This is normal for naturally occurring walleye populations. Preliminary estimates indicate this trend is continuing with a strong 2021 year-class and a weak 2022 year-class. The strong 2018 and 2021 year-classes will continue to bolster the fishery in the near term. Fortunately, consecutive weak year-classes have not occurred since 2008 and 2009.
\n
\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and average length of fish captured help predict future year-class strength. In 2023, the lakewide catch rate of YOY walleyes of 118.3 fish/hour was about average compared to previous surveys dating back to 1988. The fish averaged 5.6 inches in length which was slightly above normal. Based on the catch rate and size of fish captured, the 2023 year-class is likely to be moderate.
\n
\nMuskellunge
\n
\nMuskies provide an important catch-and-release sport fishery on Lake Vermilion with the potential for trophy fish. They are typically the second most targeted species by Lake Vermilion anglers behind walleyes. The muskie population was established via a stocking program that began in the late 1980s with the goal of providing a low-density, high-quality fishery. During the most recent targeted assessment conducted in 2019, muskies averaged 44.7 inches with over 40% of fish measuring 45 inches or larger. Additionally, about 11% of the fish sampled were 50 inches or larger. Assessment options for obtaining adult population estimates along with evaluating recent stocking strategies and natural reproduction are being considered for the future.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass
\n
\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and the population provides an important fishery. They are typically the third most sought after species by Lake Vermilion anglers behind walleyes and muskies. Release rates are very high and minimal harvest occurs. Overall, the smallmouth bass population in Lake Vermilion has shown an increasing trend in abundance over the last three decades. Abundance and size structure are notably different when comparing the two basins, as West Vermilion holds higher numbers of fish that are much smaller on average when compared to East Vermilion. Anglers can find fish over 19 inches in the population.
\n
\nLargemouth Bass
\n
\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery and are primarily found in West Vermilion. Few anglers come to Lake Vermilion to specifically target largemouth bass, but the population provides some angling opportunities. They are primarily a catch-and-release species with very high release rates. Largemouth bass are not abundant and are limited to specific areas of preferred habitat in the lake. However, DNR electrofishing, gill-net, and creel data suggests a stable to increasing population, primarily in West Vermilion.
\n
\nNorthern Pike
\n
\nNorthern pike are found in relatively low numbers in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for some anglers and dark house spearers. Higher numbers can typically be found in West Vermilion compared to East Vermilion. In 2023, 12 northern pike (0.6 fish/net) ranging in length from 25 to about 39 inches were captured in gill nets. The low catch rate observed in 2023 continues a declining trend in northern pike abundance that has been observed lakewide over the past three decades. Simultaneously, the size structure has shifted towards larger fish due in part to protected slot limit regulations that have been in place since 2003. Anglers and spearers can find fish with a solid average size and trophy potential.
\n
\nYellow Perch
\n
\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide anglers catch and harvest opportunities. The 2023 lakewide gill-net catch rate of 30.0 fish/net was slightly above average compared to previous surveys. The average size of those fish was fairly large with notable numbers over 10 inches and even some fish over 12 inches. These fish should provide anglers catch and harvest opportunities in 2024. Abundance and size structure are noticeably different when comparing the two basins, as West Vermilion tends to have higher numbers of fish that are smaller on average when compared to East Vermilion. The 2023 catch rate of 24.3 fish/net in East Vermilion was above average for the basin. The West Vermilion catch rate of 38.5 fish/net was above average for the fifth consecutive year.
\n
\nBlack Crappie
\n
\nBlack crappies are generally a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery but can on occasion produce good fishing. Typically, few anglers specifically target them, but they tend to be harvested at a pretty high rate when they are caught. Relatively low numbers are found in Vermilion compared to other area lakes. A targeted spring trap-net survey was conducted in 2023 that had higher catches of black crappies in West Vermilion compared to East Vermilion. Overall, the average size was fairly large at about 10 inches with multiple fish over 13 inches sampled in each basin.
\n
\nBluegill
\n
\nBluegills can provide significant catch and harvest opportunities for anglers fishing Lake Vermilion. Typically, few anglers specifically target them, but they tend to be the second most caught and harvested species in terms of total numbers behind walleyes. Above average numbers of bluegills are found in Vermilion compared to other area lakes. A targeted spring trap-net survey was conducted in 2023 that had significantly higher catch rates in West Vermilion. Overall, fish averaged a little over 6 inches with fish over 9 inches found in both basins.
\n
\nAquatic Invasive Species
\n
\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's aquatic invasive species laws to prevent introduction and minimize the spread of invasive species. Several invasive species are present at varying levels in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterflea.
\n
\nRusty crayfish, native to the Ohio River basin, are invasive crustaceans that were first captured in fisheries survey gear in Lake Vermilion in 1986. The population rapidly increased and they became abundant in a significant portion of East Vermilion by 1993. Overall, catches of rusty crayfish in the annual gill-net survey display a relatively stable trend since the early 1990s, with considerable annual fluctuations. Rusty crayfish continue to be substantially more abundant in East Vermilion, particularly Big Bay, but the population has continued to expand in West Vermilion. They have significantly reduced aquatic plant beds in certain areas and have displaced native crayfish.
The walleye population in Lake Vermilion remains at a relatively high level. The 1990 gillnet catch of 15.5 fish/lift is the third highest on record and continues a trend of 4 consecutive years of increasing gillnet catches. The mean length of gillnetted walleye in 1990 was 12.7 than the historical mean. The yellow perch population is also currently at a high level with a gillnet catch of 33.4 fish/lift, the third highest on record. The gillnet catch of northern pike (1.2 fish/lift) is the same as the historical mean for Lake Vermilion. Historically, the northern pike population on Lake Vermilion has been very stable at a relatively low level. The gillnet catch of cisco in 1990 was 10.6 fish/lift, which is near the historical average of 11.9 fish/lift. The cisco population has apparently recovered from relatively low levels in 1987 and 1988. The bluegill trapnet catch in 1990 (17.3 fish/lift) was about half the catch in 1989 (36.6 fish/lift). It is doubtful the decline in the trapnet catch represents a similar decline in the actual bluegill population. Anglers and resorts reported as many bluegill caught as in the previous several years. Trapnet catches of bluegill have, however, been in a general downward trend since 1987, when the catch was 56.4 fish/lift. Other species sampled in Lake Vermilion are present in relatively low numbers with relatively stable populations.
","lengths":{},"surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveyID":"109554","surveySubType":"Population Assessment"},{"headerInfo":{"wb_alt_name":"","wb_id":"69037800","wb_name":"Vermilion","id_date":"1999-06-14","county":"St. Louis","wb_type":"Lake","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109572"},"surveyDate":"1999-06-14","fishCatchSummaries":[{"gearCount":28,"totalWeight":54.6,"averageWeight":"0.80","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"2.43","species":"BRB","totalCatch":68},{"species":"YEP","totalCatch":536,"CPUE":"19.14","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":120.8,"averageWeight":"0.23"},{"CPUE":"0.04","totalCatch":1,"species":"BUB","gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"6.30","totalWeight":6.3,"quartileCount":"0.8","quartileWeight":"3.0","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"totalCatch":1,"species":"MUE","CPUE":"0.04","quartileCount":"0.0","quartileWeight":"0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"2.80","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":2.8},{"CPUE":"0.45","species":"NOP","totalCatch":9,"averageWeight":"6.44","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":58,"quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"CPUE":"0.40","species":"RKB","totalCatch":8,"averageWeight":"0.54","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":4.3,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6"},{"totalCatch":18,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"0.64","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"2.77","totalWeight":49.9},{"gearCount":20,"totalWeight":9.1,"averageWeight":"1.52","quartileCount":"0.2-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","gear":"Standard gill nets","CPUE":"0.30","species":"SMB","totalCatch":6},{"totalCatch":62,"species":"RKB","CPUE":"2.21","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","averageWeight":"0.22","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":13.9},{"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.85","totalWeight":285,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8","CPUE":"16.85","totalCatch":337,"species":"WAE"},{"CPUE":"0.04","species":"HSF","totalCatch":1,"averageWeight":"0.04","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":0.04,"quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"species":"BLG","totalCatch":5,"CPUE":"0.25","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"0.22","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":1.1},{"totalCatch":390,"species":"TLC","CPUE":"19.50","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":279.5,"averageWeight":"0.72"},{"totalCatch":96,"species":"WTS","CPUE":"4.80","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"2.08","totalWeight":200},{"CPUE":"0.07","species":"SMB","totalCatch":2,"totalWeight":0.8,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.40","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3"},{"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"0.17","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":4.5,"totalCatch":27,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"1.35"},{"CPUE":"28.85","totalCatch":577,"species":"YEP","totalWeight":165.4,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.29","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2"},{"CPUE":"0.20","species":"BRB","totalCatch":4,"totalWeight":1.6,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.40","quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"CPUE":"2.50","totalCatch":70,"species":"WAE","gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.95","totalWeight":66.3,"quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"totalCatch":27,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.96","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.14","totalWeight":3.8},{"species":"PMK","totalCatch":74,"CPUE":"2.64","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","totalWeight":8.3,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.11"},{"CPUE":"30.54","totalCatch":855,"species":"BLG","totalWeight":117.4,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.14","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1"},{"CPUE":"0.18","species":"WTS","totalCatch":5,"averageWeight":"1.64","gearCount":28,"totalWeight":8.2,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8"},{"species":"BLC","totalCatch":41,"CPUE":"1.46","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":13,"gearCount":28,"averageWeight":"0.32"}],"lengths":{},"surveyID":"109572","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyType":"Standard Survey","narrative":"The walleye gillnet catch in 1999 was 16.9 fish/net, the highest catch since the Large Lake Program began in 1984. It was the fourth consectutive year of above average walleye gillnet catches. High walleye catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1994, 1995, and 1997. The average length of gillnetted walleye was 13.1 inches, slightly above the historical average. Above average numbers of walleye in the 12-16 inch size range were sampled during the assessment, the size range that dominates the walleye harvest on Lake Vermilion.The northern pike gillnet catch was 0.5 fish/net, slightly below the historical average for Lake Vermilion. Northern pike catches have historically been relatively stable with little annual flucation. The average length of gillnetted pike was 28.8 inches, well above the historical average. Northern pike reproduction seems fairly consistent from year to year, although stronger than average year classes were produced 1991 and 1994. Analysis of northern pike size and age was based on a gillnet catch of only 9 fish, a relatively small sample size. The gillnet catch of yellow perch was 28.9 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Perch catches have been relatively stable in recent years, although they have flucuated widely in the past. The average length of gillnetted perch was 8.0 inches, well above the historical average. Perch tend to larger in the Big Bay area of the lake where 52% of the perch sampled were 9 inches or longer. Average to strong year classes of perch were produced in 1997, 1996, 1995, and 1994.The bluegill trapnet catch was 30.5 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. The bluegill catch was much higher in West Vermilion than in East Vermilion. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 1997 and 1995. The average length of trapnetted bluegill was 5.2 inches, well below the historical average. High numbers of small bluegill are present in the population from strong 1995 and 1997 year classes. Some large bluegill are present from remnants of strong year classes produced in 1988, 1989, and 1991. The black crappie trapnet catch was 1.5 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Crappie numbers are usually relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although occasional population spikes occur in response to strong year classes. The average length of trapnetted crappie was 7.5 inches, well below the historical average. Moderately strong year classes were produced in 1997, 1995, and 1994.Muskie population assessments are done on Lake Vermilion once every four years for each of the two major lake basins, East Vermilion and West Vermilion. The last muskie population assessments were done in 1997 on East Vermilion and 1998 on West Vermilion. Most of the muskie caught during the 1997 and 1998 assessments were in the 34-47 inch size range. The largest muskie caught during the assessments was 49.2 inches. Muskie were not present in Lake Vermilion until they were first stocked in 1969. An intensive stocking program using Leech Lake strain fingerlings began in 1987. Angler reports indicate the muskie population is doing well with the larger fish now exceeding 50 inches. Additional Sources Of Information:Information on lodging in the Lake Vermilion area can be obtained from the Lake Vermilion Resort Association by calling 1-800-648-5897 or by accessing their web site at www.lakevermilionresorts.com.Additional information on Lake Vermilion is available at a web site maintained by the Sportsmen's Club of Lake Vermilion that can be accessed at www.lakevermilion.com.
"},{"lengths":{"BRB":{"maximum_length":13,"minimum_length":7,"fishCount":[[10,5],[11,1],[12,3],[13,7],[7,1],[9,1]]},"BLG":{"maximum_length":8,"fishCount":[[2,1],[3,105],[4,163],[5,244],[6,161],[7,106],[8,28]],"minimum_length":2},"YEP":{"fishCount":[[10,57],[11,16],[4,5],[5,103],[6,114],[7,115],[8,83],[9,50],[1,15505],[2,295]],"minimum_length":1,"maximum_length":11},"PMK":{"maximum_length":6,"fishCount":[[3,9],[4,5],[5,23],[6,4]],"minimum_length":3},"BLC":{"fishCount":[[10,10],[11,7],[12,6],[13,1],[3,3],[4,15],[5,8],[6,8],[7,13],[8,6],[9,5]],"minimum_length":3,"maximum_length":13},"LKW":{"minimum_length":18,"fishCount":[[18,1]],"maximum_length":18},"WAE":{"maximum_length":26,"minimum_length":1,"fishCount":[[1,3],[2,64],[3,16],[4,336],[5,348],[6,181],[7,17],[10,41],[11,24],[12,37],[13,38],[14,46],[15,37],[16,34],[17,27],[18,23],[19,11],[20,9],[21,6],[22,4],[23,2],[24,1],[26,2],[7,7],[8,16],[9,52]]},"MUE":{"fishCount":[[43,1]],"minimum_length":43,"maximum_length":43},"LMB":{"minimum_length":1,"fishCount":[[0,2],[1,141],[2,26],[4,1],[5,1],[7,2],[8,1]],"maximum_length":8},"NOP":{"maximum_length":33,"fishCount":[[12,1],[15,1],[17,1],[18,4],[19,2],[20,3],[21,3],[22,3],[23,1],[24,2],[25,4],[26,4],[27,1],[28,4],[29,3],[30,1],[32,1],[33,1]],"minimum_length":12},"RKB":{"fishCount":[[3,1],[4,6],[5,12],[6,13],[7,15],[8,4],[9,1]],"minimum_length":3,"maximum_length":9},"BUB":{"fishCount":[[16,1]],"minimum_length":16,"maximum_length":16},"TLC":{"maximum_length":16,"minimum_length":8,"fishCount":[[10,4],[11,27],[12,61],[13,67],[14,40],[15,4],[16,1],[8,5],[9,5]]},"WTS":{"maximum_length":21,"minimum_length":8,"fishCount":[[10,3],[11,3],[12,3],[13,5],[14,2],[15,4],[16,5],[17,13],[18,9],[19,3],[20,1],[21,1],[8,2],[9,1]]},"SMB":{"fishCount":[[10,13],[11,17],[12,5],[13,7],[14,8],[15,1],[16,3],[2,1],[3,6],[4,28],[5,18],[6,24],[7,32],[8,5],[9,12],[0,2],[1,116],[2,8]],"minimum_length":1,"maximum_length":16}},"surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveyID":"1000715237663000","surveySubType":"Large Lake Survey","narrative":"Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual fish population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe walleye gill net catch in the fall of 2007 was 19.1 fish/net, well above the historical average for Lake Vermilion. It was the second consecutive year of high walleye gill net catches. The walleye population has been relatively high in recent years, due to strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The mean length of walleye sampled by gill nets was 13.8 inches, well above the historical average. Good numbers of 14-18 inch walleye were sampled from the strong year classes produced in 2002 and 2003. The catch of 11-13 inch walleye was below average, reflecting poor reproduction in 2004 and 2005. The walleye catch was dominated by age 1 fish (2006 year class) and age 4 fish (2003 year class), which together comprised 51.1% of the catch. Strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2002 and 2003, while poor year classes were produced in 2004 and 2005. One year of netting suggests the 2006 year class may also be stronger than average. A special walleye regulation went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2006. The regulation is a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and includes a four fish bag limit. A more restrictive regulation was adopted because of increased fishing pressure and walleye harvest in recent years. The regulation will help keep harvest at a safe level while allowing anglers to harvest eating sized walleye.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of northern pike was 0.6 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 27.5 inches, slightly above the historical average. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although a stronger than average year class was produced in 2001. It appears a relatively poor year class was produced in 2003. A special regulation for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2003. The regulation is a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. The regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 15.6 fish/net, well below the historical average. The low perch catch was due primarily to poor reproduction in 2004. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 8.0 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size reflects good numbers of perch over 10 inches in the gill net catch. The perch catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2005 year class) and age 4 fish (2003 year class), which together comprised 48.7% of the total catch. Strong year classes of perch were produced in 2001 and 2002, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nThe trap net catch of bluegill was 27.8 fish/net, which is near the historical average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.6 inches, well below the historical average. The small average size was due to high numbers of 3-5 inch fish in the catch from a strong 2005 year class. The bluegill trap net catch was dominated by age 5 fish (2002 year class), which comprised 42.1% of the catch. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2002 and 2005, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nThe black crappie trap net catch was 2.5 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 8.0 inches, slightly below the historical average. Above average numbers of small crappie were sampled from strong year classes produced in 2005 and 2006. The catch of crappie over 10 inches was also above average. The crappie catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 35.6% of the catch. Strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2001, 2005, and 2006, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The 2007 smallmouth bass catch was 59.0 fish/hour of electrofishing, well above the historical average. It was the highest electrofishing catch of smallmouth bass since 1999. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 8.1 inches, well below the historical average. The small average size was due to high numbers of small fish in the catch from strong year classes produced in 2005 and 2006. The bass catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2005 year class), which comprised 37.9% of the catch. Two years of sampling suggests the 2005 year class is much stronger than average. Moderately strong year classes of bass were also produced in 2001 and 2002, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye was 292.3 fish/hour, well above the historical average. Past sampling has shown high electrofishing catches usually indicate strong year classes. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.3 inches, which is near the historical average. Past sampling has also shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the high electrofishing catch and the average growth indicate the 2007 year class should be stronger than average.
\n
\nMuskie population assessments have been done once every four years on Lake Vermilion, although future assessments will be done once every six years. East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years due to the large size of the lake. Trap net catches of muskie have been gradually increasing since the first assessments were done in 1993 and 1994. The number of large fish has also been increasing. Over 15% of the muskie sampled in 2005 and 2006 were over 50 inches long. The largest muskie sampled during the 2005-2006 assessments was 54.7 inches long. The next muskie assessments are scheduled for 2010 and 2011.
\n\t
\n
The 1986 gill netting shows the walleye population both in terms of numbers/lift and pds/lift, to be below the mean observed since 1941, but still above the statewide average and within limits of normal short term fluctuation. Strong year classes are from 1980 and 1983. 1982 appears to be particularly weak year class and is probably responsible for the decreased catch rate. The northern pike catch was very low, as it historically always has been. The average size, however, is quite large, mean tl 28.3 21.4/gillnet is above the statewide median, but about equal to the historical average for vermilion. The yellow perch population in vermilion has been historically stable. The northern cisco catch of 15.0/lift is very close to the historical average of 12.5/lift and is quite a bit higher than the statewide median.
"},{"narrative":"The walleye gill net catch for the 2002 population assessment was 20.0 fish/net, the highest catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion. It was the sixth consecutive year walleye gillnet catches were above the historical average. High walleye catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001. The mean length of walleye sampled during the gill net assessment was 13.3 inches, slightly above the historical average. Angling prospects for walleye in 2003 are very good, with high numbers of walleye present in the 12-16 inch size range. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleye was 231.0 fish/hour, well above the historical average. The mean length of YOY walleye was 5.4 inches, which is near the historical average. Mean length of YOY walleye is strongly related to eventual year class strength on Lake Vermilion, with fast growing YOY walleye producing strong year classes and slow growing YOY walleye producing weak year classes. Based on this relationship, it is expected the 2002 year class will be about average.The northern pike gill net catch was 0.7 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. The northern pike population on Lake Vermilion is usually quite stable at a relatively low level. Gill netted northern pike had a mean length of 27.8 inches, slightly above the historical average. Angling prospects for 2003 will be similar to recent years.A 24-36 inch protected slot limit for northern pike will take effect on Lake Vermilion on May 10, 2003. All northern pike 24-36 inches long must immediately be returned to the lake. One fish over 36 inches will be allowed in the daily bag limit, which will remain at 3 fish. The new regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size struture of northern pike populations in a number of lakes across the state. Lake Vermilion has a number of characteristics that made it a good candidate for this regulation including; large lake size, high abundance of preferred forage, low pike numbers, fast pike growth, and a history of producing large pike.The gill net catch of yellow perch was 14.8 fish/net, the lowest perch catch on Lake Vermilion since 1988. It was the second consecutive year of below average perch catches. Low perch catches in recent years were due in part to poor reproduction in 1999 and 2000. The mean length of perch sampled by gill nets was 8.3 inches, well above the historical average. Average to moderately strong year classes were produced in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998. The perch fishery on Lake Vermilion is relatively insignificant, with most of the harvest being incidental while anglers target other species. There is potential for catching quality size perch in the Big Bay area of East Vermilion, where 73% of the gill net catch was 9 inches or longer.Muskie population assessents are done every four years on each of the two major basins of the lake, East Vermilion and West Vermilion. Assessments are done in different consecutive years on the two lake basins because of the large size of the lake. Assessments were done on East Vermilion in 2001 and on West Vermilion in 2002. Muskie were not present in Lake Vermilion until they were first stocked in 1969. An intensive stocking program using Leech Lake strain fingerlings began in 1987. All muskie stocked since 1993 were fin-clipped to help determine if natuaral reproduction is occurring.The 2002 spring trap net catch of muskie in West Vermilion was 0.5 fish/net, well above the previous West Vermilion catch in 1998, but lower than the East Vermilion muskie catch of 1.6 fish/net in 2001. Extended cool spring weather probably had a negative impact on the West Vermilion muskie catch in 2002. Muskie sampled by trap nets in 2002 had a mean length of 43.5 inches. Male muskie had a mean length of 41.9 inches while the mean length of female muskie was 48.6 inches. The largest muskie sampled was 54.4 inches long. A number of smaller muskie without fin-clips were sampled, indicating that some natural reproduction is occurring.The mid-summer trap net catch of bluegill was 14.4 fish/net, the lowest bluegill catch since sampling began in 1987. The low bluegill catch was probably due in large part to a strong cold front that moved through the Lake Vermilion area during the assessment. Bluegill trapnet catches prior to 2002 indicated the population was at a relatively high level, particularly in West Vermilion. Bluegill sampled by trapnets had a mean length of 5.9 inches, which was near the historical average. Strong year classes were produced in 1995, 1997, and 1998. Angling prospects for bluegill in 2003 are very good, although anglers may catch more small fish than usual. The trap net catch of black crappie was 1.4 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although a few areas of West Vermilion seem to have higher numbers of fish. The mean length of black crappie sampled by trap nets was 8.1 inches, slightly below the historical average. Average to moderately strong year classes were produced in 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. Angling prospects for crappie in 2003 will be about average. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2002 was 36.8 fish/hour, slightly above the historical average. Electrofishing catches of smallmouth bass were well above average in 1999 and 2001. The mean length of smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing was 9.5 inches, slightly above the historical average. Strong year classes of smallmouth bass were produced in 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1998. Angling prospects for smallmouth bass in 2003 are good, with high numbers of medium sized fish present in the population.
","surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109575","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"CPUE":"1.10","species":"BRB","totalCatch":32,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.86","totalWeight":27.6,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7"},{"CPUE":"6.72","totalCatch":195,"species":"YEP","totalWeight":51.5,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.26","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5"},{"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"2.30","totalWeight":2.3,"quartileCount":"0.0","quartileWeight":"0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","totalCatch":1,"species":"MUE"},{"totalCatch":13,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"0.65","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","averageWeight":"5.48","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":71.2},{"totalCatch":2,"species":"RKB","CPUE":"0.10","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","gear":"Standard gill 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nets","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8"},{"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.17","totalWeight":0.5,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"N/A","quartileCount":"N/A","CPUE":"0.10","species":"HSF","totalCatch":3},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.13","totalWeight":0.4,"totalCatch":3,"species":"BLG","CPUE":"0.15"},{"species":"TLC","totalCatch":363,"CPUE":"18.15","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"0.72","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":260.8},{"averageWeight":"2.04","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":118.4,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","CPUE":"2.90","totalCatch":58,"species":"WTS"},{"CPUE":"0.10","totalCatch":3,"species":"SMB","averageWeight":"0.33","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":1,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8"},{"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.06","totalWeight":1.4,"species":"BLC","totalCatch":22,"CPUE":"1.10"},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":101.7,"averageWeight":"0.34","totalCatch":295,"species":"YEP","CPUE":"14.75"},{"averageWeight":"1.39","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":69.6,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","CPUE":"1.72","totalCatch":50,"species":"WAE"},{"CPUE":"0.17","species":"LMB","totalCatch":5,"averageWeight":"1.02","gearCount":29,"totalWeight":5.1,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3"},{"totalCatch":38,"species":"PMK","CPUE":"1.31","quartileCount":"3.6","quartileWeight":"0.1","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.11","totalWeight":4.3},{"CPUE":"14.41","species":"BLG","totalCatch":418,"totalWeight":72,"gearCount":29,"averageWeight":"0.17","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":12.8,"averageWeight":"1.83","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","CPUE":"0.24","species":"WTS","totalCatch":7},{"gearCount":29,"totalWeight":16.2,"averageWeight":"0.40","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.41","species":"BLC","totalCatch":41}],"surveyDate":"2002-05-11","headerInfo":{"wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":"","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109575","wb_type":"Lake","county":"St. Louis","id_date":"2002-05-11"}},{"surveyDate":"2003-06-10","headerInfo":{"survey_id":"109576","survey_type":"Population Assessment","wb_type":"Lake","county":"St. Louis","id_date":"2003-06-10","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800","wb_alt_name":""},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"CPUE":"1.43","totalCatch":43,"species":"BRB","totalWeight":34.3,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.80","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7"},{"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":32.3,"averageWeight":"0.21","species":"YEP","totalCatch":153,"CPUE":"5.10"},{"totalCatch":23,"species":"NOP","CPUE":"1.15","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"3.88","totalWeight":89.3},{"CPUE":"0.65","species":"RKB","totalCatch":13,"gearCount":20,"totalWeight":3.8,"averageWeight":"0.29","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6"},{"gear":"Standard trap 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nets","quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","quartileCount":"1.4-3.0"},{"CPUE":"1.05","species":"BLC","totalCatch":21,"averageWeight":"0.28","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":5.9,"quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"CPUE":"32.45","totalCatch":649,"species":"YEP","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":125.1,"averageWeight":"0.19","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2"},{"CPUE":"0.15","totalCatch":3,"species":"BRB","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":2.2,"averageWeight":"0.73","quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gear":"Standard gill nets"},{"CPUE":"1.87","totalCatch":56,"species":"WAE","totalWeight":61,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"1.09","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"CPUE":"0.03","species":"LMB","totalCatch":1,"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":0.1,"averageWeight":"0.10","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":6.4,"averageWeight":"0.13","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","CPUE":"1.70","species":"PMK","totalCatch":51},{"species":"BLG","totalCatch":848,"CPUE":"28.27","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":178.8,"averageWeight":"0.21"},{"species":"WTS","totalCatch":3,"CPUE":"0.10","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","averageWeight":"2.13","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":6.4},{"species":"BLC","totalCatch":67,"CPUE":"2.23","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","averageWeight":"0.47","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":31.4}],"surveyID":"109576","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{},"narrative":"The walleye gill net catch in the fall of 2003 was 15.4 fish/net, slightly above the historical average for Lake Vermilion. The walleye catch declined slightly after several years of unusually high catches prior to 2003. High walleye catches in recent years were due to strong year classes produced in 1995, 1997, 1998, and 1999. The lower catch in 2003 was due primarily to poor reproduction in 2000.The mean length of walleye sampled in gill nets was 13.9 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to above average numbers of 17-21 inch walleye in the gill net catch from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Good numbers of small walleye were also sampled from the 2001 and 2002 year classes, which also appear to be stronger than average. The gill net catch of 13 and 14 inch walleye was well below average, reflecting a poor 2000 year class. Nearly all of the major fish species in Lake Vermilion had poor reproduction in 2000, probably due to unusually cool weather in June of that year.Angling prospects for walleye in 2004 are about average. There will be better than average opportunities to catch larger walleye from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Most walleye from these year classes are now 17-21 inches long. Walleye fishing will be hurt by below average numbers of 13-14 inch walleye from a poor 2000 year class. Anglers can also expect to catch good numbers of small walleye from what appears to be a strong 2001 year class. Most walleye from the 2001 year class will be 11-13 inches long at the start of the season. As these fish grow during the summer they will become increasingly acceptable to anglers.Fall electrofishing is used to sample young-of-the-year (YOY) walleye and help determine reproductive success for the year. The 2003 fall electrofishing catch of YOY walleye was 120 fish/hour, which is near the historical average. The electrofishing catch declined after a relatively high catch in 2002. The mean length of YOY walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.6 inches, slightly above the historical average. Mean length of YOY walleye is strongly related to eventual year class strength on Lake Vermilion, with fast growing YOY walleye producing strong year classes and slow growing fish producing weak year classes. The mean length and total catch indicate the 2003 year class will probably be average to slightly stronger than average.The 2003 gill net catch of northern pike was 1.2 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable on Lake Vermilion at a relatively low level. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 25.6 inches, slightly below the historical average. There was a wide size range of fish in the gill net catch. Reproduction has been fairly consistent in recent years with little variation in year class strength. Angling prospects for northern pike in 2004 should be similar to recent years. A 24-36 inch protected slot limit for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion on May 10, 2003. All fish 24-36 inches long must immediately be returned to the lake. The bag limit remains at three fish, which could include up to three fish under 24 inches or one fish over 36 inches. The new regulation is part of the statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state. Lake Vermilion has a number of characteristics that made it a good candidate for this regulation including: large lake size, high abundance of preferred forage, low pike numbers, fast pike growth, and a history of producing large pike.The 2003 gill net catch of yellow perch was 32.4 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Gill net catches of perch were well below average in 2001 and 2002. The high 2003 catch was due to large numbers of small fish from a strong 2001 year class. The perch catch was especially high in West Vermilion.The mean length of perch sampled by gill nets was 6.9 inches, well below the historical average. The small average size was due to high numbers of 5-6 inch perch in the gill net catch from a strong 2001 year class. All size classes of perch were well represented in the gill net catch. Average to moderately strong year classes of perch were produced from 1994 to 1998. Poor year classes were produced in 1999 and 2000. Anglers can expect to catch more small perch than usual in 2004, particularly in West Vermilion. Larger perch are available to anglers in the Big Bay area of East Vermilion. Perch in the Big Bay area tend to be larger than those in other areas of the lake, probably because they feed extensively on rusty crayfish that are abundant in that area of the lake.The 2003 trap net catch of bluegill was 28.3 fish/net, which is near the historical average. Bluegill catches had been highly variable for the two years prior to 2003, with an unusually high catch in 2001. Bluegill are much more abundant in West Vermilion and trap net catches there are always much higher than catches on East Vermilion. The mean length of bluegill sampled by trap nets was 6.3 inches, slightly above the historical average. Above average numbers of 5-7 inch bluegill were sampled, primarily from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. A strong year class of bluegill was also produced in 1995, while poor year classes were produced in 1999 and 2000. Anglers can expect good bluegill fishing in 2004, particularly on West Vermilion. The angler's catch will be dominated by 5-7 inch fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes. The number of bluegill in the population 8 inches and larger is slightly above average, so there is some opportunity to catch larger fish as well. Bluegill fishing for larger fish should improve in the next several years as fish from the strong 1995, 1997, and 1998 year classes grow and attain a size more desirable by anglers.The 2003 black crappie trap net catch was 2.2 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Trap net catches of crappie have been relatively stable in recent years. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although a few areas of West Vermilion seem to have higher numbers of fish. The mean length of black crappie sampled by trap nets was 8.6 inches, which is near the historical average. Above average numbers of 6-7 inch crappie were sampled from a strong year class produced in 2001. The trap net catch of 10-11 inch crappie was also well above average. These fish were primarily from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Angling prospects for crappie in 2004 are better than average. There are fair numbers of 10-11 inch fish available from the strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. Crappie from the strong 2001 year class will be too small for most anglers to keep this year, however they will become acceptable in a couple of years. An electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The 2003 smallmouth bass catch was 36.7 fish/hour of electrofishing, slightly above the historical average and similar to the catch in 2002. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 10.2 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to an unusually high catch of 10-15 inch bass from strong 1997 and 1998 year classes. Above average numbers of 5-6 inch bass were also sampled, primarily from a strong year class produced in 2001. A relatively poor year class of smallmouth bass was produced in 2000. Angling prospects for smallmouth bass are very good in 2004. Fish from a very strong 1997 year class are now 12-15 inches long. Lesser numbers of larger fish will be available to anglers from the older age classes in the population. Fishing for large fish should improve in the next several years as fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes continue to grow.Muskie population assessments are done once every four years on Lake Vermilion, although East Vermilion and West Vermilion are done in different years due to the large size of the lake. Population assessments were done on East Vermilion in 2001 and on West Vermilion in 2002. The next assessments are scheduled for 2005 and 2006. The muskie program has been very successful on Lake Vermilion and an excellent muskie fishery has been established.
"},{"surveySubType":"Large Lake Survey","surveyID":"1000628431962000","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{"BUB":{"maximum_length":14,"fishCount":[[14,1]],"minimum_length":14},"WTS":{"fishCount":[[10,1],[11,2],[12,2],[13,5],[14,11],[15,8],[16,12],[17,13],[18,10],[19,6],[20,1],[22,1],[8,1]],"minimum_length":8,"maximum_length":22},"TLC":{"maximum_length":14,"minimum_length":7,"fishCount":[[10,1],[11,5],[12,2],[13,13],[14,14],[7,1],[9,1]]},"SMB":{"fishCount":[[10,12],[11,17],[12,13],[13,6],[14,9],[15,3],[16,4],[17,1],[2,4],[3,3],[4,1],[6,6],[7,7],[8,18],[9,16],[1,422],[2,126]],"minimum_length":1,"maximum_length":17},"RKB":{"minimum_length":4,"fishCount":[[4,2],[5,15],[6,15],[7,12],[8,5],[9,1]],"maximum_length":9},"WAE":{"maximum_length":25,"minimum_length":1,"fishCount":[[1,1],[2,13],[3,9],[4,62],[5,59],[6,91],[7,51],[10,16],[11,30],[12,69],[13,101],[14,63],[15,32],[16,9],[17,8],[18,5],[19,5],[20,3],[21,2],[22,6],[23,1],[24,1],[25,2],[5,1],[7,2],[8,16],[9,19]]},"MUE":{"maximum_length":50,"fishCount":[[30,1],[34,2],[35,1],[36,2],[37,3],[38,8],[39,12],[40,9],[41,8],[42,10],[43,9],[44,16],[45,10],[46,12],[47,5],[48,1],[49,7],[50,20]],"minimum_length":30},"LMB":{"maximum_length":6,"fishCount":[[0,2],[1,217],[2,166],[5,5],[6,2]],"minimum_length":1},"NOP":{"minimum_length":9,"fishCount":[[16,3],[17,2],[18,4],[19,2],[20,2],[22,4],[23,3],[24,5],[25,8],[26,4],[27,2],[28,1],[29,5],[33,2],[9,1]],"maximum_length":33},"BRB":{"maximum_length":14,"fishCount":[[10,7],[11,2],[12,4],[13,4],[14,1],[8,1],[9,1]],"minimum_length":8},"BLG":{"maximum_length":9,"minimum_length":2,"fishCount":[[2,1],[3,15],[4,145],[5,104],[6,81],[7,84],[8,9],[9,1]]},"GOS":{"minimum_length":4,"fishCount":[[4,1]],"maximum_length":4},"YEP":{"fishCount":[[10,88],[11,10],[4,13],[5,128],[6,121],[7,129],[8,171],[9,136],[1,3767],[2,677]],"minimum_length":1,"maximum_length":11},"BLC":{"maximum_length":12,"minimum_length":4,"fishCount":[[10,5],[11,3],[12,1],[4,12],[5,7],[6,1],[8,5],[9,4]]},"PMK":{"maximum_length":6,"fishCount":[[4,2],[5,3],[6,3]],"minimum_length":4}},"narrative":"Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used to sample the various fish species and life stages on Lake Vermilion. Gill nets are set in early fall to sample walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, and cisco (tullibee). Trap nets are used in the summer to sample bluegill and black crappie. Large frame trap nets are set in the spring to sample muskie. A small mesh beach seine is used in July to sample minnow species and young-of-the-year gamefish. An electrofishing boat is used to sample smallmouth bass in early summer and young-of-the-year walleye in the fall. Sampling for each gear type is done at the same time of year and in the same location in order to monitor population trends for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe 2006 gill net catch of walleye was 18.6 fish/net, the second highest walleye catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion. Walleye gill net catches have been relatively high since 1999, although they have been more variable in recent years. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 13.4 inches, slightly above the historical average. The gill net catch of 12-15 inch walleye was well above average for those size classes, reflecting good reproduction in 2002 and 2003. The walleye gill net catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2003 year class) and age 4 fish (2002 year class), which together comprised 72.3% of the total catch. In recent years, strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2001, 2002, and 2003, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004. A special walleye regulation went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2006. The new regulation is a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, with a four fish bag limit. A more restrictive regulation was adopted because of increased fishing pressure and walleye harvest in recent years. The new regulation will keep harvest at a safe level while allowing anglers to harvest eating sized walleye.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of northern pike was 1.1 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Northern pike gill net catches have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. Gillnetted northern pike had a mean length of 26.0 inches, which is near the historical average. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although an unusually strong year class was produced in 2001. A special regulation for northern pike was implemented on Lake Vermilion in 2003. The new regulation is a 24-36 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 36 inches. The regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of northern pike populations on a number of lakes across Minnesota.
\n
\nThe gill net catch of yellow perch was 30.4 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Perch catches have been relatively high in recent years, after an unusually low catch in 2002. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 8.3 inches, well above the historical average. The large average size was due to above average numbers of 8-10 inch perch caught on the east end of the lake. The perch catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2002 year class) and age 3 fish (2003 year class), which together comprised 76.2% of the total catch. Strong year classes of perch were produced in 2001 and 2003, while poor year classes were produced in 1999, 2000, and 2004.
\n
\nThe cisco (tullibee) gill net catch was 1.8 fish/net, the lowest cisco catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion. Cisco gill net catches have varied widely in recent years. Other species sampled by gill net in low numbers included white sucker, brown bullhead, burbot, rock bass, bluegill, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, and black crappie.
\n
\nMuskie population assessments are done every four years on Lake Vermilion, with the two major basins (East Vermilion and West Vermilion) being sampled in different years due to the large size of the lake. The 2006 spring trap net catch of muskie on West Vermilion was 1.2 fish/net. Muskie trap net catches have been gradually increasing since the first assessment was done in 1993. The mean length of muskie sampled during the assessment was 44.3 inches, with 15% of the muskie caught being over 50 inches long. The largest muskie caught during the assessment was 54.7 inches long. A new muskie regulation went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2007. The new regulation will be a 48 inch minimum length, requiring all muskie caught under 48 inches to immediately be released. The goal of the new regulation is to maintain the quality of the muskie fishery that has been developed on Lake Vermilion. This regulation will also be adopted on a number of other muskie lakes in Minnesota.
\n
\nThe 2006 trap net catch of bluegill was 15.4 fish/net, well below the historical average. The low catch was due in part to poor reproduction in 2000 and 2004. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.8 inches, slightly below the historical average. Age 4 fish (2002 year class) dominated the bluegill catch, comprising 45.1% of the total catch. A strong year class of bluegill was produced in 2002, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nThe trap net catch of black crappie was 1.1 fish/net, slightly below the historical average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion do have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 7.6 inches, slightly above the historical average. Age 1 fish (2005 year class) dominated the crappie catch, comprising 46.9% of the catch. The catch of age 1 fish was well above average, suggesting a strong year class was produced in 2005. A strong year class was also produced in 2001, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nThe 2006 seine catch of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleye was 0.4 fish/seine haul, well below the historical average. Seine catches however, have not proven to be reliable indicators of eventual year class strength. Growth of YOY walleye was above average in 2006, based on the limited number of fish sampled. Growth of YOY walleye has proven to be a good indicator of eventual year class, with large fast growing fish producing strong year classes and small slow growing fish producing poor year classes. The small number of fish sampled makes it difficult to predict how strong the 2006 year class will be.
\n
\nSeine catches of YOY yellow perch were well below average, while seine catches of smallmouth bass and largemouth bass were well above average. Growth was above average for all three species. It is likely strong year classes of smallmouth bass and largemouth bass were produced in 2006. Weather conditions were favorable for reproduction for most gamefish species in 2006.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass, as they are not often caught in either gill nets or trap nets. The spring electrofishing catch of smallmouth bass was 36.7 fish/hour of electrofishing, slightly above the historical average. Smallmouth bass catches have been above average since 1999, reflecting the high level of the smallmouth bass population in recent years. The mean length of smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing was 10.2 inches, well above the historical average. Age 3 fish (2003 year class) and age 4 fish (2002 year class) dominated the bass catch, together comprising 55.5% of the total catch. Moderately strong year classes were produced in 2001 and 2002, while poor year classes were produced in 2000 and 2004.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reprodutive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of YOY walleye was 84.0 fish/hour of electrofishing, well below the historical average. Electrofishing catches of YOY walleye have been below average since 2002. The mean length of YOY walleye sampled by electrofishing was 6.0 inches, well above the historical average. Electrofishing catches and average length have both been useful indicators of eventual year class strength. While the number of fish caught in 2006 was below average, the large average size indicates potential for a strong 2006 year class.
\n
\n
Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe walleye gillnet catch in 2014 was 10.8 fish/net, well below the historic average for Lake Vermilion. Walleye gillnet catches had been above average for several years prior to 2014. The decline in the walleye catch was due in part to poor reproduction in 2009 and 2013. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.3 inches, well above the historic average. The walleye gillnet catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2012 year class), which composed 36.1% of the catch. The gillnet catch of the 2012 year class was near average for age 2 fish. Gillnet catches of other age classes were generally below average. Strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2006, 2007, and 2012. Weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009. One year of netting indicates the 2013 year class will also be weaker than average. There is a special regulation for walleye on Lake Vermilion: an 18-26 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four-fish bag limit. The goal of the regulation is to keep harvest at a safe level and maintain adequate spawning stock.
\n
\nThe gillnet catch of northern pike was 0.5 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Gillnet catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. Northern pike are more abundant in some of the shallow bays, however those areas are not sampled during annual assessments. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 26.1 inches, slightly above the historic average. Northern pike lengths have been above average for several years. A special regulation for northern pike has been in effect since 2003: a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n
\nThe gillnet catch of yellow perch was 32.5 fish/net, slightly above the historic average. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.2 inches, slightly below the historic average. Perch sampled on East Vermilion were considerably larger than those sampled on West Vermilion, which is consistent with past sampling. The perch gillnet catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2012 year class), which composed 44.6% of the catch. The gillnet catch of the 2012 year class was well above average for age 2 fish. Strong year classes of perch were produced in 2010, 2011, and 2012; while weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009.
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\nThe black crappie trapnet catch was 2.4 fish/net, slightly above the historic average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 8.3 inches, which is near the historic average. The catch of 8-9 inch crappie was well above average, while the catch of crappie over 10 inches was slightly below average. The crappie catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2010 year class) and age 2 fish (2012 year class), which composed 37.1% and 32.3% of the catch, respectively. Catches of both age classes were well above average, suggesting 2010 and 2012 will be strong year classes. It appears the 2011 year class is also stronger than average. Weak year classes were produced in 2007, 2008, and 2009.
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\nThe trapnet catch of bluegill was 30.4 fish/net, slightly above the historic average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.8 inches, which is near the historic average. Trapnet catches have been dominated by small fish for several years, with relatively low numbers of large fish. The bluegill trapnet catch was dominated by age 4 fish (2010 year class), which composed 37.7% of the catch. The trapnet catch of the 2010 year class was well above average for age 4 fish. Trapnet catches were also above average for age 2 fish (2012 year class) and age 3 fish (2011 year class). Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2010, 2011, and 2012, while weak year classes were produced in 2007, 2008, and 2009.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2014 was 57.0 fish/hour, well above the historic average. Smallmouth bass electrofishing catches are usually higher on West Vermilion, while the average size is larger on East Vermilion. The mean length of smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing was 10.3 inches, slightly above the historic average. The smallmouth bass catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2011 year class), which composed 33.3% of the catch. The trapnet catch of the 2011 year class was well above average for age 3 fish. Trapnet catches were also above average for age 2 fish (2012 year class) and age 4 fish (2010 year class). Strong year classes of smallmouth bass were produced in 2010, 2011, and 2012, while weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye in 2014 was 81.3 fish/hour, well below the historic average. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.0 inches, slightly below historic average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2014 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2014 year class will likely be weaker than average.
\n
\nThere are several invasive species known to be present in Lake Vermilion. Rusty crayfish are very abundant in East Vermilion and are expanding into West Vermilion. Curly-leaf pondweed is now present in Everett's Bay and Stuntz Bay in East Vermilion. Chinese mystery snails were discovered in 2011 in Spring Bay at the far west end of the lake. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis, a microsporidean fish parasite, has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion, mostly from the west end of the lake. Anglers and boaters should always take preventative measures to avoid moving invasive species to other lakes. For more information on invasive species and other DNR programs, go to the DNR website at mndnr.gov.
\n\t
\n
Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe walleye gillnet catch in 2015 was 19.1 fish/net, well above the historic average for Lake Vermilion. The walleye gillnet catch improved considerably after a relatively low catch in 2014. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.3 inches, well above the historic average. The walleye gillnet catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2012 year class), which composed 38.5% of the catch. The gillnet catch of the 2012 year class was well above average for age 3 fish. The gillnet catch of age 4 fish (2011 year class) was also above average, while gillnet catches of other age classes were generally below average. Strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2006, 2007, and 2012. Weak year classes were produced in 2008, 2009 and 2013. There is a special regulation for walleye on Lake Vermilion; an 18-26 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four-fish bag limit. The goal of the regulation is to keep harvest at a safe level and maintain adequate spawning stock.
\n
\nThe gillnet catch of northern pike was 0.5 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Gillnet catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. Northern pike are more abundant in some of the shallow bays, however those areas are not sampled during annual assessments. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 31.5 inches, well above the historic average, although the sample size was quite small. Northern pike lengths from gill nets have generally been increasing in recent years. A special regulation for northern pike has been in effect since 2003: a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n
\nThe gillnet catch of yellow perch was 22.6 fish/net, well below the historic average. Perch gillnet catches have declined substantially since an usually high catch in 2013. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.4 inches, which is near the historic average. The gillnet catch of perch less than seven inches long was well above average, while the catch of larger perch was below average. Perch sampled on East Vermilion were considerably larger than those sampled on West Vermilion, which is consistent with past sampling.
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\nThe black crappie trapnet catch was 2.3 fish/net, slightly above the historic average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 9.0 inches, well above the historic average. The trapnet catch of crappie 8-10 inches long was well above average for that size group.
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\nThe trapnet catch of bluegill was 22.8 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.4 inches, well below the historic average. The trapnet catch of bluegill less than 6 inches long was well above average, while the catch of larger bluegill was below average. Trapnet catches have been dominated by small fish for several years, with relatively low numbers of large fish.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2015 was 52.0 fish/hour, well above the historic average. Smallmouth bass electrofishing catches are usually higher on West Vermilion, while the average size is larger on East Vermilion. The mean length of smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing was 10.2 inches, slightly above the historic average. All size ranges were well represented in the electrofishing catch, although unusually high numbers of small fish were sampled on West Vermilion.
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\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye in 2015 was 147.3 fish/hour, slightly above the historic average. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.5 inches, slightly above the historic average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2015 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2015 year class will likely be stronger than average.
\n
\nThere are a number of invasive species known to be present in Lake Vermilion. Spiny waterfleas were discovered in 2015 and the lake is now on the infested waters list. Rusty crayfish are very abundant in East Vermilion and are expanding into West Vermilion. Curly-leaf pondweed is present in Everett's Bay and Stuntz Bay in East Vermilion. Chinese mystery snails were discovered in 2011 in Spring Bay at the far west end of the lake. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis, a microsporidean fish parasite, has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion, mostly from the west end of the lake. Anglers and boaters should always take preventative measures to avoid moving invasive species to other lakes. For more information on invasive species and other DNR programs, go to the DNR website at mndnr.gov.
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\n
Management Summary
\n
\nLake Vermilion is managed to support a high-quality, multi-species fishery driven largely by strong natural reproduction for most species. The lake is intensively monitored and managed by the Minnesota DNR through long-term annual surveys, periodic creel surveys, stocking programs for Walleye and Muskellunge, ecological monitoring, outreach, and management planning activities. Harvest for most species is regulated using statewide seasons and limits except for Walleye, which has a 4 fish limit with a 20-26-inch protected slot. Northern Pike are managed with the northeast zone regulation that allows a 2 fish limit with a 30-40-inch protected slot.
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\nLike many large lakes, Vermilion is dealing with aquatic invasive species. Zebra mussels are now considered established, based on the presence of larvae, even though adult mussels have not been documented. Rusty crayfish are also well established, particularly in East Vermilion, where they have altered habitat by reducing aquatic vegetation. Finally, spiny waterfleas may be encountered especially when trolling. For anglers, this means potential changes in fish location and an increased responsibility to prevent further spread. Cleaning boats and gear is not just a rule-it's part of protecting the fishery.
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\n2026 Angling Outlook
\n
\nLake Vermilion stands out as a destination where anglers can target multiple species in one trip-and realistically succeed at several. Whether you're after a meal of Walleyes, a trophy Muskie, or steady bass action, the lake offers a wide range of experiences. Lake Vermilion is composed of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows). Each basin is slightly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. Lake Vermilion's two basins can create distinct fishing experiences. West Vermilion generally offers higher fish numbers across several species, making it a strong choice for action and consistency. East Vermilion, on the other hand, often produces larger fish on average, appealing to anglers focused on size. The opposite is generally true when it comes to Walleyes, as East Vermilion generally has higher numbers, but West Vermilion produces a larger average size. Understanding this split can help anglers tailor their approach depending on whether they want numbers, size, or a mix of both.
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\nWalleye: Walleye fishing remains the backbone of the Vermilion experience. Survey data from 2025 showed one of the highest catch rates in over four decades. The 2026 season should be especially rewarding for anglers looking to harvest fish. Strong numbers of Walleyes in the 13-20-inch range mean plenty of legal fish under the protected slot. Fish in the 12-15-inch range are particularly abundant, providing good harvest opportunities.
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\nAt the same time, larger Walleyes are common enough to provide big fish opportunities. Fish over 20 inches are widely available, giving anglers a shot at memorable catches even while targeting smaller fish for harvest. The current regulation requires release of fish from 20 to 26 inches, with a four-fish limit and only one over 26 inches allowed. For anglers, that means a balanced fishery featuring good harvest opportunities without sacrificing the chance at bigger fish.
\n
\nMuskellunge: Muskies provide a world-class sport fishery on Lake Vermilion with the potential for trophy fish. Muskies are second only to Walleyes in terms of popularity for Lake Vermilion anglers. Recent surveys show an average size just under 45 inches, with over 40% of fish exceeding that mark. Fish over 50 inches are present in sufficient numbers to provide trophy opportunities. For anglers, this creates a classic Muskie experience: fewer strikes, but every one of them matters. Vermilion has earned its reputation as a world-class destination because those rare encounters can turn into truly exceptional fish.
\n
\nSmallmouth Bass: Smallmouth Bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion, and the population provides an important fishery. They are typically the third most sought after species by Lake Vermilion anglers behind Walleyes and Muskies. Results from the 2025 spring electrofishing survey suggest numbers remain high which continues the upward trend over the last three decades. Anglers can expect steady action with fish in the 10-17-inch range, along with the occasional larger bass. The lake's two basins offer slightly different experiences. West Vermilion tends to produce more fish overall, while East Vermilion gives anglers a better shot at larger individuals. For anglers looking for numbers, action, and aggressive strikes, Smallmouth Bass are a dependable option throughout the season.
\n
\nLargemouth Bass: Largemouth Bass are not a primary draw on Vermilion, but they do offer a quiet alternative for anglers willing to seek them out. They are found mainly in West Vermilion in specific habitats. Numbers are low, but the population appears stable or increasing. Most anglers treat them as a catch-and-release bonus rather than a target species.
\n
\nNorthern Pike: Northern Pike are found in low abundance in Lake Vermilion, but anglers seeking them can find higher numbers in West Vermilion. Northern Pike are less abundant than in the past, but the fish that remain are generally larger. Regulations protecting mid-sized fish have shifted the population toward bigger individuals. Anglers can expect a lower catch rate, but with the possibility of occasional trophies. In 2025, sampled pike length averaged almost 27 inches with the largest fish measuring about 36 inches suggesting anglers and spearers can find fish with a solid average size.
\n
\nPanfish and Perch: Yellow Perch numbers are currently below average, but size is good. Anglers willing to search can still find fish over 10 inches, which are well worth keeping.
\n
\nBlack Crappies are generally a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery that can provide good fishing opportunities at certain times. Black Crappies are not abundant, but they run large. Fish average around 10 inches, with some exceeding 14 inches. West Vermilion holds more fish overall, though both basins can produce quality catches.
\n
\nBluegills can provide catch and harvest opportunities for anglers fishing Lake Vermilion. Typically, very few anglers come to Lake Vermilion seeking Bluegills, but they tend to be one of the most caught and harvested species in terms of total numbers. Fish over 9 inches are available throughout the lake, with higher numbers in West Vermilion.
Walleye, yellow perch and tullibee were taken in above average numbers. White sucker, northern pike and bluegill and rock bass were taken in average numbers. Smallmouth bass and black crappie were taken in below average numbers. 79% of the walleye are age I-IV.
"},{"surveySubType":"Population Assessment","surveyID":"109569","surveyType":"Standard Survey","lengths":{},"narrative":"The walleye gill net catch in 1996 was 13.2 fish/net, which is slightly above average for Lake Vermilion. Most of the walleye sampled were 10-17 inches long. The walleye catch was dominated by strong 1994 and 1995 year classes. Walleye from the strong 1994 year class were primarily 10-13 inches long and will comprise a major portion of the walleye harvest in 1997. As the summer progresses, growth will make 1994 year class walleye increasingly acceptable to anglers. Walleye from the 1991 year class were primarily 14-17 inches and will also comprise a signifigant portion of the walleye harvest. Poor reproduction in 1992 and 1993 means below average numbers of age 4 and 5 walleye will be available to anglers, age classes that usually comprise a major portion of the walleye harvest.The northern pike gill net catch was 1.4 fish/net, which is slightly above average. The northern pike population has been relatively stable over time, without much year to year flucuation. Most of the northern pike sampled were 15-24 inches long, although larger fish are present. A strong 1994 year class means anglers may catch more small northern pike than usual in 1997.No muskie were caught during the 1996 assessment, however they are seldom caught in standard assessment netting gear. A stocking program that started in 1985 has established a muskie population in the lake. Special spring assessments and angler reports indicate the population is doing well, with the larger fish now nearing 50 inches.The gill net catch of yellow perch was 29.7 fish/net, which is about average for Lake Vermilion. The perch population flucuates more over time than most species present in the lake. Most of the perch sampled were 6-8 inches long. Perch tend to be larger in the Big Bay area of the lake, where they averaged 8.2 inches long.The bluegill trap net catch was 20.7 fish/net, slightly below average for Lake Vermilion. The bluegill population has been relatively stable in recent years. Strong year classes were produced in 1991, 1989, and 1988. Most of the bluegill sampled were 6-8 inches long and will provide good angling opportunities in 1997.The trap net catch of black crappie was 1.7 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Crappie catches were below average from 1993-1995. The population has recovered due to strong 1994 and 1991 year classes. Most of the crappie sampled were 6-8 inches long, although larger fish are present. Anglers may catch more small crappie than average in 1997, due to the strong 1994 year class.Smallmouth bass are sampled with an electrofishing boat, since they are seldom caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass catch in 1996 was 26.7 fish/hour, which is near the historical average. The catch was dominated by strong 1994 and 1991 year classes. Most of the bass sampled were 6-15 inches long.
","surveyDate":"1996-06-17","headerInfo":{"wb_id":"69037800","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_alt_name":"","survey_id":"109569","survey_type":"Population Assessment","wb_type":"Lake","county":"St. Louis","id_date":"1996-06-17"},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"CPUE":"0.20","species":"HSF","totalCatch":6,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.05","totalWeight":0.3,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A"},{"averageWeight":"0.24","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":148.2,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1","CPUE":"20.70","totalCatch":621,"species":"BLG"},{"totalWeight":52.8,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.19","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"9.13","totalCatch":274,"species":"YEP"},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":3.2,"averageWeight":"0.46","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.23","totalCatch":7,"species":"LMB"},{"CPUE":"0.90","species":"RKB","totalCatch":27,"totalWeight":5.9,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.22","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4"},{"CPUE":"1.03","totalCatch":31,"species":"BRB","averageWeight":"1.08","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":33.6,"quartileWeight":"0.7","quartileCount":"1.2","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"totalWeight":39.7,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"1.59","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","CPUE":"0.83","species":"NOP","totalCatch":25},{"gearCount":30,"totalWeight":21.3,"averageWeight":"0.42","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"1.70","totalCatch":51,"species":"BLC"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":11.3,"averageWeight":"1.88","species":"WTS","totalCatch":6,"CPUE":"0.20"},{"CPUE":"1.47","totalCatch":44,"species":"WAE","averageWeight":"0.94","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":41.2,"quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"species":"PMK","totalCatch":51,"CPUE":"1.70","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","totalWeight":5.8,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.11"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"0.2","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":0.2,"averageWeight":"0.10","species":"GOS","totalCatch":2,"CPUE":"0.07"},{"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.10","totalWeight":0.1,"quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","CPUE":"0.03","species":"SMB","totalCatch":1}]},{"narrative":"The walleye gill net catch in the fall of 2005 was 14.2 fish/net, which is near the historical average for Lake Vermilion. It was the lowest walleye gill net catch on the lake since 1996. The walleye population on Lake Vermilion was unusually high during the period 1997-2002, due to strong year classes produced in 1995, 1997, and 1998. Poor reproduction in 2000 and 2004 contributed to a slight decline in the walleye population in 2005. Walleye sampled by gill nets had an average length of 13.4 inches, slightly above the historical average. The gill net catch of 10 inch walleye was about double the historical average, the result of good reproduction in 2003. The gill net catch of 15 and 16 inch walleye was slightly below average, due to poor reproduction in 2000. In recent years, average to strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2001, 2002, and 2003.Fall electrofishing is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye and help determine reproductive success for the year. The 2005 fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the year walleye was 108 fish/hour, slightly below the historical average. The average length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 4.9 inches, well below the historical average. Data from our sampling program indicates growth of young-of-the-year walleye is an important factor in eventual year class strength, with fast growing young-of-the-year walleye producing strong year classes and slow growing fish producing weak year classes. It is believed large young-of-the-year walleye have better over-winter survival than small fish. The mean length and total catch indicate the 2005 year class will probably be slightly weaker than average. Cool spring weather in 2005 probably had a negative impact on growth and eventual year class success.Angling prospects for walleye in 2006 are about average for Lake Vermilion. Strong year classes of walleye produced in 2001 and 2002 will provide good numbers of fish 13-16 inches long. Fishing will be hurt slightly by poor reproduction in 2000. Those fish would now be 14-17 inches long. Anglers can also expect to catch good numbers of small walleye from the 2003 year class. Most walleye from the 2003 year class will be 10-11 inches long at the start of the season.In an effort to maintain fishing quality, the DNR is implementing a special regulation for walleye on Lake Vermilion, beginning on March 1, 2006. The new regulation is a 17-26 inch protected slot with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a 4-fish daily and possession bag limit. Anglers must immediately return to the lake all walleye 17-26 inches long, inclusive. One walleye over 26 inches long is allowed in the daily and possession bag limit. Anglers fishing Lake Vermilion may only have 4 walleye in their daily and possession limit. A more restrictive walleye regulation was adopted because fishing pressure and walleye harvest have increased in recent years. Creel surveys in 2002 and 2003 documented the highest walleye harvest ever observed on Lake Vermilion, well above the safe harvest level established for the lake. The new regulation will help keep harvest below the safe harvest level for the lake, while allowing anglers to harvest eating sized fish.The 2005 gill net catch of northern pike was 1.3 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Gill net catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. The average length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 25.7 inches, slightly above the historical average. A wide size range of northern pike were sampled, although the total sample size was only 26 fish. Reproduction of northern pike is usually fairly consistent from year to year, although a stronger than average year class was produced in 2001. Angling prospects for northern pike in 2006 should be similar to recent years. A 24-36 inch protected slot limit for northern pike went into effect on Lake Vermilion in 2003. All fish 24-36 inches long must immediately be returned to the lake. The bag limit remains at three fish, which could include up to three fish under 24 inches or one fish over 36 inches. The new regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.\t The 2005 gill net catch of yellow perch was 30.8 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Perch gill net catches have been above average since 2002. The average length of perch sampled by gill nets was 7.2 inches, slightly below the historical average. The perch population has been dominated by high numbers of small fish in recent years, particularly in West Vermilion. Strong year classes of perch were produced in 2001 and 2002, while poor year classes were produced in 1999 and 2000. Perch fishing is relatively insignificant on Lake Vermilion, with most of the harvest coming from anglers fishing for other species. There are more large perch in East Vermilion and most of the harvest comes from that lake basin. Perch in East Vermilion grow faster than West Vermilion perch, probably because they feed extensively on juvenile rusty crayfish that are abundant in that area of the lake.The 2005 trap net catch of bluegill was 51.9 fish/net, well above the historical average. Bluegill trap net catches have been increasing in recent years, after an unusually low catch in 2002. Bluegill are much more abundant in West Vermilion and trap net catches there are always much higher than catches on East Vermilion. The mean length of bluegill sampled by trap nets was 5.8 inches, slightly below the historical average. Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 1997, 1998, 2001, and 2002. A very weak year class was produced in 2000. Anglers can expect good bluegill fishing in 2006, particularly on West Vermilion. Good numbers of 6-8 inch fish will be available to anglers from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. The number of bluegill in the population larger than 8 inches is about average, so there is some opportunity to catch larger fish as well. Bluegill fishing for larger fish should improve in the next several years as fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes grow and attain a size more desirable by anglers.The 2005 black crappie trap net catch was 1.7 fish/net, slightly above the historical average. Trap net catches of crappie have been relatively stable in recent years. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although a few areas of West Vermilion seem to have higher numbers of fish. The mean length of black crappie sampled by trap nets was 8.6 inches, slightly above the historical average. Average to strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2001, 2002, and 2003. A poor year class of crappie was produced in 2000. Angling prospects for crappie in 2006 are better than average. Crappie from a strong 2001 year class will be about 10 inches long this spring. There are also fair numbers of larger fish available from strong year classes produced in 1997 and 1998. An electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The 2005 smallmouth bass catch was 41.0 fish/hour of electrofishing, slightly above the historical average. Electrofishing catches of smallmouth bass have been relatively stable in recent years, after unusually high catches in 1999 and 2001. Smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing had a mean length of 10.3 inches, well above the historical average. Strong year classes of smallmouth bass were produced in 1997, 1998, 2001, and 2002. A poor year class was produced in 2000. Angling prospects for smallmouth bass are very good in 2006. Fish from a very strong 1997 year class are now 14-16 inches long. Lesser numbers of larger fish will be available to anglers from the older age classes in the population. Fishing for large fish should improve in the next several years as fish from the strong 1997 and 1998 year classes continue to grow.Muskie population assessments are done every four years on lake Vermilion, with East Vermilion and West Vermilion being done in different years due to the large size of the lake. A spring trap net assessment was done on East Vermilion in 2005 and an assessment will be done on West Vermilion in 2006. The trap net catch of muskie in 2005 was 2.0 fish/net, the highest trap net catch to date. Trap net catches of muskie have been gradually increasing since the first assessment was done in 1993. The average length of muskie sampled by trap nets was 44.6 inches. Nearly 15% of the muskie sampled were over 50 inches long. The largest muskie sampled was 54.3 inches long. Muskie anglers can expect excellent fishing opportunities in 2006.
","surveyType":"Standard Survey","surveyID":"109578","surveySubType":"Population Assessment","lengths":{},"fishCatchSummaries":[{"quartileCount":"1.2","quartileWeight":"0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.79","totalWeight":52.33,"species":"BRB","totalCatch":66,"CPUE":"2.20"},{"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"0.18","totalWeight":59.68,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.2","quartileCount":"2.2-8.5","CPUE":"11.07","totalCatch":332,"species":"YEP"},{"CPUE":"1.30","totalCatch":26,"species":"NOP","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"3.63","totalWeight":94.49,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"1.1-2.4","quartileWeight":"2.8-4.3"},{"species":"RKB","totalCatch":1,"CPUE":"0.05","quartileCount":"0.6-1.6","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.3","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":0.31,"averageWeight":"0.31"},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":68.14,"averageWeight":"2.43","species":"NOP","totalCatch":28,"CPUE":"0.93"},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"0.2-0.6","quartileWeight":"0.7-1.2","averageWeight":"1.08","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":9.68,"species":"SMB","totalCatch":9,"CPUE":"0.45"},{"CPUE":"3.27","totalCatch":98,"species":"RKB","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":22.67,"averageWeight":"0.23","quartileCount":"1.2-4.0","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"CPUE":"14.25","species":"WAE","totalCatch":285,"averageWeight":"0.97","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":276.01,"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.8-1.3","quartileCount":"3.6-10.8"},{"CPUE":"0.07","totalCatch":2,"species":"HSF","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":0.43,"averageWeight":"0.21","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"totalWeight":0.49,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.12","gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileCount":"N/A","quartileWeight":"N/A","CPUE":"0.20","species":"BLG","totalCatch":4},{"quartileCount":"1.1-10.1","quartileWeight":"0.3-0.9","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":136,"averageWeight":"0.42","species":"TLC","totalCatch":327,"CPUE":"16.35"},{"quartileWeight":"1.7-2.2","quartileCount":"1.4-3.0","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"1.95","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":77.83,"totalCatch":40,"species":"WTS","CPUE":"2.00"},{"totalCatch":1,"species":"SMB","CPUE":"0.03","quartileWeight":"0.5-0.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","gear":"Standard trap nets","totalWeight":2.81,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"2.81"},{"gear":"Standard gill nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.6","quartileCount":"0.2-0.8","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":2.98,"averageWeight":"0.60","totalCatch":5,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"0.25"},{"quartileWeight":"0.1-0.2","quartileCount":"1.4-6.8","gear":"Standard gill nets","totalWeight":119.08,"gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.19","species":"YEP","totalCatch":615,"CPUE":"30.75"},{"quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"0.3-0.6","gear":"Standard gill nets","averageWeight":"1.50","gearCount":20,"totalWeight":1.5,"totalCatch":1,"species":"BRB","CPUE":"0.05"},{"totalCatch":68,"species":"WAE","CPUE":"2.27","gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileCount":"0.9-1.9","quartileWeight":"0.9-1.3","totalWeight":82.47,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"1.21"},{"species":"BUB","totalCatch":1,"CPUE":"0.05","quartileWeight":"0.7-2.1","quartileCount":"0.1-0.3","gear":"Standard gill nets","gearCount":20,"averageWeight":"0.67","totalWeight":0.67},{"totalCatch":4,"species":"LMB","CPUE":"0.13","quartileCount":"0.0-1.3","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.4","gear":"Standard trap nets","averageWeight":"0.33","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":1.3},{"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.1","quartileCount":"3.6","averageWeight":"0.11","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":6.45,"species":"PMK","totalCatch":61,"CPUE":"2.03"},{"CPUE":"51.93","totalCatch":1558,"species":"BLG","averageWeight":"0.16","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":244.68,"gear":"Standard trap nets","quartileWeight":"0.2-0.5","quartileCount":"6.8-33.1"},{"CPUE":"0.10","species":"WTS","totalCatch":3,"gearCount":30,"averageWeight":"2.41","totalWeight":7.24,"quartileWeight":"1.4-3.8","quartileCount":"0.1-0.7","gear":"Standard trap nets"},{"quartileWeight":"0.3-0.6","quartileCount":"1.3-2.6","gear":"Standard trap nets","gearCount":30,"totalWeight":22.61,"averageWeight":"0.43","totalCatch":52,"species":"BLC","CPUE":"1.73"}],"surveyDate":"2005-05-04","headerInfo":{"county":"St. Louis","id_date":"2005-05-04","survey_type":"Population Assessment","survey_id":"109578","wb_type":"Lake","wb_alt_name":"","wb_name":"Vermilion","wb_id":"69037800"}},{"narrative":"Lake Vermilion is part of the statewide Large Lake Program, an intensive fisheries management program on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. The Large Lake Program includes annual population assessments, annual water quality monitoring, and regularly scheduled creel surveys. A variety of sampling gear is used during population assessments to collect the various fish species and life stages. These gear types include gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and an electrofishing boat. Sampling for each gear type is conducted at the same time and place each year in order to determine population trends for the major species. Data is also collected on length, weight, age, and growth for each of the major species.
\n
\nThe walleye gillnet catch in 2013 was 18.2 fish/net, well above the historic average for Lake Vermilion. Walleye gillnet catches have been above average since 2011, due primarily to strong year classes produced in 2007, 2010, and 2011. Gillnetted walleye had a mean length of 14.2 inches, well above the historic average. The mean length declined from unusually high values observed in 2011 and 2012, reflecting more small fish in the gillnet catch. The walleye gillnet catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2011 year class) and age 1 fish (2012 year class), composing 25.3% and 21.7% of the catch, respectively. Gillnet catches of both year classes were well above their historic average. The gillnet catch of age 6 walleye (2007 year class) was also well above average. Strong year classes of walleye were produced in 2007, 2010, and 2011. One year of netting indicates the 2012 year class will also be stronger than average. Weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009. There is a special regulation for walleye on Lake Vermilion; an 18-26 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 26 inches, and a four-fish bag limit. The goal of the regulation is to keep harvest at a safe level and maintain adequate spawning stock.
\n
\nThe gillnet catch of northern pike was 0.7 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Gillnet catches of northern pike have historically been fairly stable at a relatively low level. Northern pike are more abundant in some of the shallow bays, however those areas are not sampled during annual assessments. The mean length of northern pike sampled by gill nets was 27.6 inches, well above the historic average. It was the fifth consecutive year pike lengths were above average, reflecting an improved size structure in recent years. The sample size of northern pike in the gill nets was too small (14 fish) for meaningful age and growth analysis. Northern pike reproduction has historically been relatively consistent from year to year without exceptionally weak or strong year classes. A special regulation for northern pike has been in effect since 2003: a 24-36 inch protected slot, with one fish allowed over 36 inches. This regulation is part of a statewide initiative to improve the size structure of pike populations in a number of lakes across the state.
\n
\nThe gillnet catch of yellow perch was 55.2 fish/net, the highest perch catch ever observed on Lake Vermilion. Prior to 2013, perch gillnet catches had been well below average since 2007. Gillnetted perch had a mean length of 7.0 inches, the smallest average size observed since 2003. The small average size reflects the influence of strong younger year classes in the population. Perch sampled on East Vermilion were considerably larger than those sampled on West Vermilion, which is consistent with past sampling. The perch gillnet catch was dominated by age 2 fish (2011 year class), which composed 45.0% of the catch. It was the highest catch of age 2 perch ever observed, suggesting the 2011 year class will be stronger than average. Gillnet catches of age 1 perch (2012 year class) and age 3 perch (2010 year class) were also well above average. Prior to 2010, the last strong year class of perch was produced in 2003.
\n\t
\nThe black crappie trapnet catch was 1.3 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. Crappie numbers have historically been relatively low on Lake Vermilion, although some areas of West Vermilion have higher numbers of fish. Trapnetted crappie had a mean length of 6.6 inches, the smallest average size ever observed on Lake Vermilion. The small average size was due to an unusually high catch of small fish and low numbers of medium and large sized fish. The catch of crappie over 10 inches was well below average. The crappie catch was dominated by age 1 fish (2012 year class) and age 2 fish (2011 year class), which composed 39.5% and 31.6% of the catch, respectively. Catches of both age classes were well above average, suggesting 2011 and 2012 will be strong year classes. Other strong year classes of crappie were produced in 2005 and 2006, while weak year classes were produced in 2007, 2008, and 2009.
\n
\nThe trapnet catch of bluegill was 23.3 fish/net, slightly below the historic average. The bluegill catch was much higher on West Vermilion than East Vermilion, reflecting higher bluegill abundance in that lake basin. Trapnetted bluegill had a mean length of 5.8 inches, which is near the historic average. Trapnet catches have been dominated by small fish for several years, with relatively low numbers of large fish. The bluegill trapnet catch was dominated by age 3 fish (2010 year class), which composed 28.5% of the catch. The trapnet catch of the 2010 year class was well above average for age 3 fish. Trapnet catches were also above average for age 2 fish (2011 year class) and age 7 fish (2006 year class). Strong year classes of bluegill were produced in 2006, 2010, and 2011, while weak year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009.
\n\t
\nAn electrofishing boat is used as the standard sampling gear for smallmouth bass because they are not often caught in standard assessment nets. The smallmouth bass electrofishing catch in 2013 was 16.0 fish/hour, well below the historic average. The low bass catch in 2013 was probably due in part to problems with a new electrofishing boat. Smallmouth bass electrofishing catches are usually higher on West Vermilion, while the average size is larger on East Vermilion. The mean length of smallmouth bass sampled by electrofishing was 12.7 inches, well above the historic average. Previous sampling indicates strong year classes were produced in 2005, 2006, and 2009, while poor year classes were produced in 2008 and 2009.
\n
\nAn electrofishing boat is used to sample young-of-the-year walleye in the fall to monitor reproductive success for the year. The fall electrofishing catch of young-of-the-year walleye in 2013 was 116.0 fish/hour, which is near the historic average, but considerably less than the high catches observed in 2011 and 2012. The mean length of young-of-the-year walleye sampled by electrofishing was 5.1 inches, which is near the historic average. Growth of young-of-the-year walleye has proven to be a useful indicator of eventual year class strength. Past sampling has shown that large, fast growing young-of-the-year walleye generally produce strong year classes, while small slow growing fish produce poor year classes. Taken together, the 2013 electrofishing catch and growth rate indicate the 2013 year class will likely be near average.
\n
\nThere are several invasive species known to be present in Lake Vermilion. Rusty crayfish are very abundant in East Vermilion and are expanding into West Vermilion. Curly-leaf pondweed is now present in Everett's Bay and Stuntz Bay in East Vermilion. Chinese mystery snails were discovered in 2011 in Spring Bay at the far west end of the lake. Purple loosestrife has been found at several sites on the lake, usually in wetland areas adjacent to lake. Heterosporis, a microsporidean fish parasite, has been identified in several walleye and yellow perch from Lake Vermilion, mostly from the west end of the lake. Anglers and boaters should always take preventative measures to avoid moving invasive species to other lakes. For more information on invasive species and other DNR programs, go to the DNR website at mndnr.gov.
\n
2019 Angling Prospects
\n
\nThe Lake Vermilion fishery continues to be healthy and should provide both catch and harvest opportunities for several species. Walleye abundance is down slightly from recent years and anglers may notice differences in catch and harvest rates between the east and west basins. Compared to recent years, anglers may note a decline in the number of walleyes from 10 to 16 inches in East Vermilion. This is likely due to a weak 2017 year class and favorable catch and harvest rates over the previous two fishing seasons that reduced walleye abundance. However, modest numbers of fish over 16 inches should provide harvest opportunities. Anglers may also notice the strong 2018 year class which are mostly fish under 10 inches. For West Vermilion, solid numbers of fish over 14 inches should provide favorable catch and harvest opportunities.
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\nAnglers seeking smallmouth bass should find good numbers as their abundance continues to increase especially in West Vermilion. However, the West Vermilion fish tend to be mostly under 13 inches compared to East Vermilion which has lower numbers but larger fish. Additionally, largemouth bass can be found in low numbers overall but certain areas, primarily in West Vermilion, provide the best catch opportunities. Above average numbers of yellow perch over 9 inches will provide harvest options. Although low in abundance, northern pike provide harvest opportunities with the possibility to catch fish up to 40 inches. New in 2019, the northeast zone pike regulation applies on Lake Vermilion which is different from the special regulation that was in effect from May 2003 to February 2019. Trophy opportunities exist for muskie anglers as fish over 50 inches are present in the population. Additionally, black crappie and bluegill will provide angling opportunities. Whitefish and cisco (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities primarily during the fall sport gill-netting season.
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\nFisheries Management
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\nLake Vermilion is comprised of two major basins, East Vermilion (area east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (area west of Oak Narrows), that are significantly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the DNR Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, water quality monitoring, zooplankton monitoring, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have included a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. The gears include gill nets, trap nets, shoreline seines, and electrofishing boats. Fisheries assessments are standardized so that the sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to best track population trends. Length, weight, age, and other data are collected for fishes of management concern.
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\nA new management plan for Lake Vermilion was finalized in March 2018 to guide fisheries management for a six year period, 2017 to 2022, following input from the Lake Vermilion Fisheries Input Group and the general public. This plan is available online at https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/lakevermilion/index.html. Northern pike regulations for Lake Vermilion changed for the 2019 fishing season. The special northern pike regulation that had been in place since 2003 was repealed following review and public input in 2018. Therefore, starting on the May 11, 2019 fishing opener, the northern pike population will be managed under Minnesota's northeast zone regulations: Angling regulation: All northern pike from 30-40\" must be immediately released. Possession limit two, only one over 40\". Dark house spearing regulation: Possession limit two, only one over 26\". See Minnesota Fishing Regulations for further details (https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/regulations/fishing/index.html).
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\nWalleye
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\nThe DNR's 2018 annual fall gill-net survey had a lakewide walleye catch rate of 11.6 fish/net, falling below the 25th percentile of all surveys dating back to 1984. This was the 3rd lowest catch rate observed in the previous 25 years. The low catch rate was primarily driven by low numbers in East Vermilion that can partially be attributed to a weak 2017 year class. Additionally, anecdotal information from anglers indicated favorable walleye catch and harvest rates over the previous two open water fishing seasons which may have reduced walleye abundance. Finally, a strong cold front during netting on East Vermilion may have also impacted our catch rates. The East Vermilion walleye catch rate of 11.8 fish/net was the lowest catch rate observed since 1994 and fell below the historical 25th percentile. In comparison, the West Vermilion catch rate of 11.3 fish/net was above average for that basin.
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\nThe average length of walleyes captured in 2018 was 14.5 inches which was above average. Average length has increased since the implementation of the protected slot regulation in 2006. Historically, fish in East Vermilion have run smaller and their increase in average size over time has not been as dramatic as fish in West Vermilion. Below average numbers of walleyes from 11 to 15 inches were sampled lakewide in 2018. However, above average numbers of walleyes over 16 inches should provide harvest opportunity. In particular, catches of 12 to 15 inch fish were below average in East Vermilion, but average numbers of fish over 16 inches were found. For West Vermilion, catches of fish from 11 to 13 inches were below average, but catches of walleye over 14 inches were well above average.
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\nWalleyes captured in gill nets in 2018 ranged in age from 1 to 17 years. Catch rates of age-2 (2016 year class), age-6 (2012 year class), and age-7 (2011 year class) fish were above historical averages. The catch rate of age-1 fish (2017 year class) was below the 25th percentile. For the first time since 2008, catches of walleyes ages-8 and older fell below the historical average and were a relatively low percentage of the catch (3.5%). The overall lower catch of fish over age-8 was primarily due to a decline in older fish in West Vermilion.
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\nThe most recent strong walleye year class lakewide was produced in 2012 and preliminary estimates indicate another strong year class was produced in 2016. A weak year class has not occurred lakewide since 2009, however early indications suggest that the 2017 year class may be weak. In East Vermilion, a strong year class was produced in 2012 and preliminary estimates suggest a strong 2016 year class. Recently, a weak year class was produced in 2014 and preliminary estimates indicate a weak 2017 year class in East Vermilion. In West Vermilion, moderate to strong recruitment has occurred annually since the last weak year class in 2013.
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\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and average length of fish captured help predict future year class strength. In 2018, the 227.3 fish/hour lakewide catch rate of YOY walleyes was the highest rate observed since 2007 and was above the historical 75th percentile. The average length of fish captured was 5.4 inches which was near the historical average. Typically, first year growth differences occur between the basins as larger YOY walleye are found in West Vermilion.
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\nDNR continues to operate the walleye spawn take and hatchery at the Pike River. A portion of the walleye fry produced at the Pike River Hatchery will be put back into Lake Vermilion. In the past 10 years, between 5.7 and 15 million fry have been stocked into Lake Vermilion annually. DNR will stock approximately 5 million walleye fry into Lake Vermilion in 2019.
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\nYellow Perch
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\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide some incidental angler harvest. The 2018 lakewide gill-net catch rate of 24.9 fish/net was the highest catch rate since 2014 and was near the lake's historical average. Yellow perch catch rates tend to be extremely variable. The average length of yellow perch captured in 2018 was 7.5 inches, slightly above the historical average. Above average catch rates of fish 9 inches and larger will likely provide harvest opportunity. Fish captured in gill nets ranged from 1 to 9 years of age. The high proportion of fish age-3 and less captured in 2018 (62%) indicate consistent moderate to strong recruitment over the last few years which should continue to bolster abundance.
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\nSmallmouth Bass
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\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and they provide an important fishery. Spring electrofishing targeting smallmouth bass habitat has been conducted almost annually since 1989. The current management plan calls for electrofishing every three years. In 2018, the lakewide catch rate of smallmouth bass during spring electrofishing was 75.0 fish/hour. This was the highest catch rate ever observed for Lake Vermilion and continues an increasing trend. The high lakewide catch rate was primarily driven by the highest catch ever observed in West Vermilion at 145.0 fish/hour compared to a historical average of 48.5 fish/hour. On the other hand, the East Vermilion catch rate of 40.0 fish/hour was just slightly above average.
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\nThe average length of fish sampled in 2018 was 9.2 inches. The number of fish over 12 inches has steadily increased during surveys. East and West Vermilion often display dramatically different length distributions and this was again the case in 2018. The majority of the catch in West Vermilion was less than 10 inches and no fish over 14 inches were sampled. In contrast, the majority of the East Vermilion catch was over 10 inches and several fish over 14 inches were sampled. Fish ranged in age from 2 to 12 years and each year class was represented indicating consistent recruitment. Recent strong recruitment appears to have come from the 2015 (age-3) and 2012 (age-6) year classes, while poor recruitment was observed for the 2013 year class (age-5).
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\nLargemouth Bass
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\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery and are predominantly found in specific areas of West Vermilion with preferred habitat. The current spring electrofishing survey does not target largemouth bass habitat, however, two largemouth bass were sampled during the 2018 assessment in West Vermilion. Creel data indicates the population of largemouth bass may be expanding and fish over 20 inches have been caught.
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\nNorthern Pike
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\nNorthern pike have historically been present in relatively low abundance in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for some anglers. Ice-out trap-net assessments have been done to obtain size structure information on adult pike and additional data is collected during annual fall gill-net assessments. In 2018, ice-out trap netting was not conducted, however eleven northern pike (0.6 fish/net) ranging in length from 18.7 to 33.3 inches were captured in gill nets. The gill-net catch rate was below the historical 25th percentile. Beginning on the May 2019 fishing opener, the northern pike population will be managed under the Minnesota's northeast zone regulations.
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\nBluegill and Black Crappie
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\nBluegills provide significant catch and harvest opportunity in Lake Vermilion while black crappies are generally a minor component of the fishery but on occasion produce very good fishing. Trap-net catches indicate greater abundance of both species in West Vermilion. In the past, summer trap-netting targeting panfish occurred annually however it was not conducted in 2018 and has been reduced to once every three years in the new management plan.
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\nAquatic Invasive Species
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\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's Clean, Drain, Dispose laws to help prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. Several invasive species are present in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterfleas.
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\nSpiny waterfleas are an invasive zooplankton first discovered in East Vermilion in 2015. They were sampled for the first time in West Vermilion in 2018, but have not been found west of Niles Bay. Zooplankton biomass has significantly declined in East Vermilion following the discovery of spiny waterfleas. This is similar to severe declines in native zooplankton communities that have been observed in nearby Rainy and Kabetogama lakes following spiny waterflea invasion. How this will affect fish populations remains to be seen.
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2022 Angling Prospects
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\nLake Vermilion persists as a fishery where anglers can experience notable catch and harvest opportunities for multiple species. Results from the annual Minnesota DNR fisheries survey indicated that walleye abundance continued to be above average in 2021. The high walleye numbers are due to strong recruitment from recent year-classes with fish from 11 to 17 inches well represented in the population last fall. These fish should provide ample catch and harvest opportunities in 2022. Also, an abundance of walleyes over 20 inches will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake while also ensuring plenty of spawners for future generations.
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\nAnglers targeting muskellunge (muskies) will find opportunities for quality fish with trophy potential as a substantial portion of the population are 45 inches or larger and a significant number of muskies over 50 inches are present in the lake. In fact, Vermilion currently holds the Minnesota catch-and-release muskie state record of 57.25 inches. Anglers targeting smallmouth bass should find them throughout the lake. East Vermilion tends to hold fewer fish with a larger average size compared to West Vermilion, which has higher numbers of smaller fish. Largemouth bass can be found in low numbers overall, but certain areas of West Vermilion provide the best catch opportunities. Although low in abundance overall, northern pike provide catch and harvest opportunities with the possibility for a fish over 40 inches. Black crappies and bluegills will continue to provide angling opportunities in areas of preferred habitat throughout the lake. Finally, whitefish and ciscoes (tullibee) offer harvest opportunities that primarily occur during the fall sport gill-netting season.
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\nAnglers are reminded that a special regulation exists for walleyes where all fish from 20 to 26 inches must be immediately released. There is a four walleye possession limit with only one fish over 26 inches allowed. Anglers are also reminded that since 2019, northern pike are managed under the Northeast Zone regulations requiring immediate release of all angled fish between 30 and 40 inches with only one fish over 40 inches allowed in a two fish possession limit. Separate regulations exist for dark house spearing which allows spearers to have two pike in possession but only one may be over 26 inches. All other fish species are managed under current statewide fishing regulations.
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\nFisheries Management
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\nLake Vermilion is composed of two major basins, East Vermilion (east of Oak Narrows) and West Vermilion (west of Oak Narrows), that are slightly different in terms of habitat and fish communities. The lake is part of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Large Lake Monitoring Program which includes annual fisheries population assessments, fish contaminant and disease inspections, water quality monitoring, zooplankton surveys, aquatic invasive species surveillance, and regularly scheduled creel surveys on the 10 largest lakes in Minnesota. Since 1984, standardized fish population assessments have occurred for Lake Vermilion using a variety of sampling gears to collect various fish species at different life stages. Fisheries assessments are standardized so that the same sampling gear is used at the same locations during the same time of year to accurately track population trends over time. Length, weight, age, and other scientific data are collected for fish of management concern.
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\nThe current management plan for Lake Vermilion was designed to guide fisheries management for a six-year period from 2017 to 2022. Since 1971, DNR has annually operated a walleye spawn take and hatchery each spring at the Pike River, a major tributary to Lake Vermilion. A small portion of the walleye fry produced annually at the Pike River Hatchery are put back into Lake Vermilion as outlined in the current management plan. The walleye fry put into Lake Vermilion are replaced at a higher rate than would be hatched naturally from the eggs taken during spawn take operations. DNR's walleye spawn take operations did not occur in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in no walleye fry being stocked. However, natural reproduction from that year-class occurred as expected resulting in negligible impacts to the population. Spawn take operations resumed in 2021 and 5.5 million walleye fry were stocked into Lake Vermilion. In the previous 10 years, outside of 2020, between 5 and 13.5 million fry have been stocked annually in Vermilion. Because the walleye population in Lake Vermilion is primarily driven by natural reproduction, reduced walleye fry stocking rates over the last 25 years have not resulted in a decline in abundance, rather abundance has increased due to various factors.
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\nA muskellunge stocking program began in 1987 with the goal of establishing a low density, high quality muskie population in Lake Vermilion. The current management plan calls for a base stocking quota of 3,000 Leech Lake strain fingerlings annually with up to 2,000 surplus fingerlings per two-year period, as available. DNR's muskellunge spawn take operations resumed in 2021 following a suspension due to COVID-19 in 2020. In 2021, the base stocking quota of 3,000 fingerlings was achieved along with 48 surplus fingerlings for a total 3,048 muskie fingerlings stocked. All muskie fingerlings stocked into Lake Vermilion since 2017 have been implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to learn more about the population and further evaluate management strategies.
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\nWalleye
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\nIn 2021, the DNR's fall gill-net survey produced a walleye catch rate of 16.4 fish/net which was above average for annual surveys since 1984. The 2021 catch rate was slightly down from the historical high (20.4 fish/net) observed in the 2020 survey partially due to harvest and natural mortality, as expected. The above average catch rates throughout the lake in 2021 continue to be driven by recent moderate to strong recruitment particularly from the 2018 year-class. The 2021 East Vermilion walleye catch rate of 16.8 fish/net was at the historical average for that basin. The 2021 West Vermilion catch rate of 15.8 fish/net ranked as the third highest catch rate historically in that basin following the second highest catch rate of 16.0 fish/net observed in 2020. The consecutive years of high catches in West Vermilion is the result of an exceptionally strong 2018 year-class driving recruitment especially in that basin.
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\nAbove average catches of fish from 11 to 17 inches were observed during the 2021 survey. Also, the catch rate of fish from the range anglers prefer to keep, from 13 to 20 inches, was notably high. These fish should provide substantial catch and harvest opportunities in 2022. Additionally, high numbers of fish 20 inches and larger will continue to provide memorable catch opportunities throughout the lake.
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\nWalleyes captured in gill nets in 2021 ranged in age from 0 to 19 years old. Lakewide catch rates of age-0 (2021 year-class), age-2 (2019 year-class), age-3 (2018 year-class), age-5 (2016 year-class), age-6 (2015 year-class), age-7 (2014 year-class), and ages-8 and older fish were at or above historical averages. The catch rate of age-3 fish was the third highest ever observed for an age-3 cohort. This was the third consecutive year of high catch rates of that cohort that has strongly recruited to the fishery. Conversely, catch rates of the age-1 (2020 year-class) and age-4 (2017 year-class) cohorts were low indicating poor recruitment of those year-classes. These fluctuating trends in year-class strength are typical of natural walleye populations.
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\nFrom 2010 to 2018, Lake Vermilion produced eight moderate to strong walleye year-classes and only one weak year-class which is not typical. The most recent strong year-classes were produced in 2016 and 2018 and those exceptional year-classes are currently driving the fishery. Preliminary estimates indicate that the 2019 year-class will be moderate to strong. The most recent weak year-class occurred in 2017, and preliminary estimates indicate that 2020 could also produce a weak year-class. In East Vermilion, the most recent strong year-class was produced in 2016 and preliminary estimates indicate 2019 is likely to be strong. The last weak year-class was produced in 2017. In West Vermilion, consistent moderate to strong recruitment occurred annually from 2014 to 2019 following a weak year-class in 2013. The 2018 cohort is the first strong year-class in West Vermilion since 2014 and has produced unprecedented walleye recruitment in that basin.
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\nFall electrofishing provides useful information on abundance and growth of young-of-the-year (YOY) walleyes near the end of their first growing season. In Lake Vermilion, both the catch rate of YOY walleyes and average length of fish captured help predict future year-class strength. In 2021, the lakewide catch rate of YOY walleyes of 139.3 fish/hour was above average compared to previous surveys dating back to 1988. The 6.0-inch average length of those fish was significantly larger than normal. Based on the catch rates and size of fish captured, the 2021 year-class is likely to be moderate to strong.
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\nMuskellunge
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\nMuskies provide an important catch-and-release sport fishery on Lake Vermilion. The muskie population was established via a stocking program that began in the late 1980s with the goal of providing a low-density, high-quality fishery. During the most recent assessment conducted in 2019, muskies averaged 44.7 inches in length and over 40% of fish sampled were 45 inches or larger. Additionally, about 11% of the fish sampled were 50 inches or larger. Options for obtaining adult population estimates and evaluating recent stocking strategies are being considered for the future.
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\nSmallmouth Bass
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\nSmallmouth bass are found throughout Lake Vermilion and the population provides an important fishery. Overall, the smallmouth bass population in Lake Vermilion has displayed a stable to increasing trend in abundance based on electrofishing, gill net, seine, and creel data over the last three decades. Abundance and size structure are vastly different when comparing the two basins, as West Vermilion tends to have higher numbers of fish that are much smaller on average when compared to East Vermilion. During the management planning process, it was decided that bass assessment frequency could be reduced to once every three years and still adequately monitor the population. Targeted sampling was not conducted in 2021.
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\nLargemouth Bass
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\nLargemouth bass are a minor component of the Lake Vermilion fishery that are primarily found in West Vermilion. The population provides angling opportunities and typically has a low harvest rate. Largemouth bass are not abundant and are limited to specific areas of preferred habitat in the lake. However, DNR electrofishing, gill net, and creel data suggests a stable or increasing population primarily in West Vermilion. Targeted sampling was not conducted in 2021.
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\nNorthern Pike
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\nNorthern pike are generally found in relatively low numbers in Lake Vermilion but are an important gamefish for some anglers and dark house spearers. Historical fisheries assessment data indicates that abundance is higher in West Vermilion. In 2021, 10 northern pike (0.5 fish/net) ranging in length from 21.0 to 35.1 inches were captured in gill nets. The low catch rate observed in 2021 continues a declining trend in northern pike abundance that has been observed lakewide over the past three decades. Simultaneously, the size structure has shifted towards larger fish which can partially be attributed to protected slot limit regulations that have been in place since 2003.
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\nYellow Perch
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\nYellow perch are a primary forage species in Lake Vermilion that also provide some incidental angler harvest. The 2021 lakewide gill-net catch rate of 31.5 fish/net was similar to the catch rate in 2020 (34.9 fish/net) and above average for the lake. However, there continues to be a notable difference in catch rates when comparing the basins.
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\nThe 2021 East Vermilion catch rate of 15.3 fish/net was nearly identical to 2020 (15.6 fish/net) and fell well below average for that basin. This marks the sixth time in the last 7 years and the 12th time in the last 15 years that the catch rate has been below historical averages. Overall, East Vermilion yellow perch gill-net catch rates have displayed a decreasing trend since the early 1990s which is likely due to a combination of several factors. Analyses of statewide trends in Minnesota indicate that yellow perch gill-net catch rates have declined over the last several decades which can partially be attributed to decreasing size structure reducing their likelihood to be captured in standard gill nets. Therefore, the declining catch rate trend observed in East Vermilion may not be attributable to reduced abundance alone. On a positive note, an above average number of age-1 fish from the 2020 year-class were captured in East Vermilion during the 2021 survey suggesting recent moderate to strong recruitment and fast growth in that basin.
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\nIn contrast, the 2021 West Vermilion yellow perch catch rate of 55.8 fish/net was the fourth highest ever observed in that basin and continues a trend of three consecutive years of catch rates greatly exceeding historical averages. It was also the seventh time in the previous 10 years that catch rates were above the basin average. West Vermilion yellow perch catch rates have displayed an increasing trend overall while continuing to fluctuate cyclically as typical of perch populations. When viewing the lake as a whole, the population appears to be in satisfactory condition.
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\nAbove average numbers of yellow perch in the 6 to 10-inch length groups were captured during the 2021 survey. The catch rate of fish 9 inches and larger, which are typically the size anglers prefer to harvest, was below the historical average for the 13th time in the last 14 years. The declining trend in the gill-net catch rate of fish 9 inches and larger combined with an increasing trend in the annual percentage of the yellow perch catch that is less than 9 inches provides evidence that the size structure has shifted.
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\nBluegill and Black Crappie
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\nBluegills provide significant catch and harvest opportunities in Lake Vermilion, while black crappies are generally a minor component of the fishery that can on occasion produce very good fishing. Trap-net catches and creel data indicate greater abundance of both species in West Vermilion compared to East Vermilion. Summer trap-netting targeting panfish did not occur in 2021. Alternative sampling methods are being evaluated to provide useful data on relative abundance and size structure of panfish populations.
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\nAquatic Invasive Species
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\nAquatic invasive species are nonnative animals and plants that do not naturally occur in Minnesota waters and cause varying levels of ecological and economic harm. Lake users should follow Minnesota's aquatic invasive species laws to prevent introduction and minimize the spread of invasive species. Several invasive species are present at varying levels in Lake Vermilion including Chinese mystery snails, curly-leaf pondweed, Heterosporis sutherlandae, purple loosestrife, rusty crayfish, and spiny waterflea.
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\nRusty crayfish, native to the Ohio River basin, are invasive crustaceans that were first captured in fisheries survey gear and identified in Lake Vermilion in 1986. The population increased rapidly, and they were abundant in a significant portion of East Vermilion by 1993 when they were first enumerated in the gill-net catch. They have significantly reduced aquatic plant beds in certain areas and have displaced native crayfish. Rusty crayfish continue to be more abundant in East Vermilion, but the population has continued to expand in West Vermilion.
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\nOverall, catches of rusty crayfish in the annual gill-net survey display a relatively stable trend since the early 1990s with substantial annual fluctuations. They tend to be found predominately in East Vermilion with the highest numbers typically occurring in Big Bay. In 2021, the rusty crayfish gill-net catch was the lowest observed since monitoring began in 1993, although it was not significantly different than other low catches previously recorded. The 2021 catch is likely just an anomaly and not an indication of population declines. Native crayfish have displayed a steady decline in abundance based on gill-net catches and 2021 was the second consecutive year that native crayfish were not captured during the survey.
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